1. Chapter 6 Output

2. Chapter 6 Objectives Describe the four categories of output Summarize the characteristics of LCD monitors, LCD screens, and plasma monitors Describe the characteristics of a CRT monitor and factors that affect its quality Explain the relationship between graphics chips and monitors Describe various ways to print Summarize the characteristics of ink-jet printers, photo printers, laser printers, thermal printers, mobile printers, label and postage printers, and plotters and large-format printers Describe the uses of speakers, headphones, and earphones Identify the output characteristics of fax machines and fax modems, multifunction peripherals, data projectors, joysticks, wheels, and gamepads Identify output options for physically challenged users Differentiate between a nonimpact printer and an impact printer

3. What is Output? What is output?  Any data that has been processed into a useful form.  Output device is any hardware component that can convey information to user There are 4 types of output: Text Graphics Audio Video

4. Display Devices What is a display device?  Output device that visually conveys text, graphics and video information  Information on display device sometimes called soft copy  Monitor is a plastic or metal case that houses a display device as separate peripheral, there are two types for PC’s:  CRT  Flat Panel

5. CRT Monitors What is a CRT monitor?  Contains cathode-ray tube (CRT)  Screen coated with tiny dots of phosphor material  Each dot consists of a red, blue, and green phosphor  All three colors make up a pixel  Common sizes are 15, 17, 19, 21, and 22 inches  Viewable size is diagonal measurement of actual viewing area

6. CRT Monitor Like a television in technology, but capable of displaying higher resolutions than a standard TV. 17” 19” 21” 22”

7. CRT Monitors What determines the quality of a CRT Monitor?  Screen resolution  Refresh rate is speed at which monitor redraws images on screen  Text created with a smaller dot pitch is easier to read

8. Quality of a CRT Resolution, Sharpness and Clearness of the Image is stated in pixels. Some common resolutions include: 640x480 800x600 1024x768 1280x1024 1600x1200 The higher the resolution the sharper and clearer the image, but the smaller the items displayed

9. Quality of a CRT Dot Pitch (pixel pitch) The diagonal distance between like- colored pixels measured in millimeters (mm) Smaller distance = sharper image

10. Quality of a CRT Some Common Dot Pitch Measurements.28mm.26mm.24mm.22mm.21mm

11. Quality of a CRT Refresh Rate The speed that a monitor redraws the images on the screen The number of times per second the screen is redrawn is measured in Hz (hertz) Some Common Refresh Rates 60 Hz 72 Hz 75 Hz 80 Hz 90 Hz 100 Hz

12. Color Depth for Monitors & Video Cards Color Depth is the number of colors that can be displayed on the screen. Described as Bit Depth representing the number of bits needed Bit- Depth Number of Colors 1 2 (monochrome) 2 4 (CGA) 4 16 (EGA) 8 256 (VGA) 16 65,536 (High Color, XGA) 24 16,777,216 (True Color, SVGA) 32 16,777,216 (True Color + Alpha Channel)

13. Monitors & Video Cards Must be used together to produce the screen image

14. Monitors & Video Cards StandardResolutionNumber of pixelsRecommended CRT screen size Recommended TFT screen size VGA640 x 480307,20014"n/a SVGA800 x 600480,00015", 17"10.4", 12" SVGA1024 x 768786,43217", 19"13.3" - 15" XGA1152 x 864995,32817", 19", 21"n/a Vesa 12801280 x 10241,310,72019", 21"17.3", 18.3" Vesa 16001600 x 12001,920,00021" and biggern/a (yet)

15. CRT Monitors What is the ENERGY STAR program?  Encourages manufacturers to create energy-efficient devices that require little power when not in use  Monitors and devices meeting guidelines display ENERGY STAR label

16. CRT Monitors How does video travel from the processor to a CRT monitor? Step 1. The processor sends digital video data to the video card. Step 2. The video card’s digital-to-analog converter (DAC) converts the digital video data to an analog signal. Step 3. The analog signal is sent through a cable to the CRT monitor. Step 4. The CRT monitor separates the analog signal into red, green, and blue signals. Step 5. Electron guns fire the three color signals to the front of the CRT. Step 6. An image is displayed on the screen when the electrons hit phosphor dots on the back of the screen.  Video card (also called a graphics card) converts digital output from computer into analog video signal

17. Video Cards Two common types of connections are VGA (Video Graphics Array) and DVI (Digital Visual Interface)

18. Display Devices What is an LCD monitor?  Uses liquid crystal display  Have a small footprint  Mobile devices that contain LCD displays include  Notebook computer, Tablet PC, PDA, and Smart Phone

19. Video Card Chipset Makers ATINVIDIAS3INTELMATROXSiS Video Card

20. Video Cards Require memory to function in conjunction with the Graphics Processor Unit (GPU), the brains of the video card

21. Video Card & Monitor Requires a software driver to interface between the Operating System and the video hardware system

22. Flat-Panel Displays What about using multiple LCD monitors?  Some users position two or more monitors side by side or stacked  Allows users to run multiple applications simultaneously  Does not use CRT technology and is typically flatter and smaller in depth than CRTs

23. Flat-Panel Displays What are some mobile devices that have LCD screens? PDA smart phone Tablet PC notebook computer

24. Flat-Panel Displays How does LCD work? Step 1. Panel of fluorescent tubes emits light waves through polarizing glass filter, which guides light toward layer of liquid crystal cells. Step 2. As light passes through liquid crystal, electrical charge causes some of the cells to twist, making light waves bend as they pass through color filter. Step 3. When light reaches second polarizing glass filter, light is allowed to pass through any cells that line up at the first polarizing glass filter. Absence and presence of colored light cause image to display on the screen. Liquid crystal cells Color filter Transparent electrodes Alignment layer Polarizing glass filter Fluorescent tube panel  Uses liquid compound to present information on a display Click to view Web Link, click Chapter 6, Click Web Link from left navigation, then click LCD Technology below Chapter 6

25. Flat Panel Displays LCD - Liquid Crystal Display Liquid crystals are almost transparent substances, exhibiting the properties of both solid and liquid matter. Light passing through liquid crystals follows the alignment of the molecules that make them up and generates light we can see on the screen.

26. Flat-Panel Displays What is resolution?  Sharpness and clarity of image  Higher resolution makes image sharper, displays more text on screen, makes some elements smaller  Number of horizontal and vertical pixels in a display device Some Common Screen Sizes 15” 17” 18” 19” 20” 21” 22” 23” 24” The size shown is the viewable size also there is no differences like with CRTs

27. Flat-Panel Displays – LCD Active-Matrix (TFT) Passive-Matrix (HPA) TFT’s have higher resolutions, color depth, and brightness. They provide the best image quality. Avoid Passive-Matrix whenever possible

28. Flat-Panel Displays – LCD Usually are limited in the number of resolutions possible Many LCD’s only allow 2-3 possible resolution settings

29. Flat-Panel Displays – LCD One important feature to recognize in LCD’s is called Response Time measured in Milliseconds (ms) The lower the number the faster the LCD can refresh the screen and the better and more solid the image will look 25ms is minimum but 16ms or less is best

30. Flat-Panel Displays How do you use an LCD monitor with a video card?  Plug monitor into Digital Video Interface (DVI) port on computer standard monitor port S-video port DVI port

31. Flat-Panel Displays What is a plasma monitor?  Displays image by applying voltage to layer of gas  Larger screen size and higher display quality than LCD, but are more expensive Click to view Web Link, click Chapter 6, Click Web Link from left navigation, then click Plasma Technology below Chapter 6 Utilizes Gas Plasma instead of Liquid Crystals. Typically have larger sized screens and higher quality images, but cost much more than LCD’s Prone to Burn-In and Fading over time

32. Great for game playing, watching movies, and browsing the Internet ) HDTV (high-definition television) is the most advanced form of digital TV Flat-Panel Displays What is digital television (DTV) and high- definition television (HDTV)? Uses digital signals to produce crisper, higher-quality output on LCD and plasma televisions Many programs can be broadcast on a single digital channel All broadcast stations transmit digital signals High resolution

33. HDTV - High-Definition Television Sony Wega 42" XBR Plasma TV with built-in HDTV tuner $ 3,500

34. HDTV Is high resolution digital television The formats used in HDTV are: 720p - 1280x720 pixels progressive 1080i - 1920x1080 pixels interlaced 1080p - 1920x1080 pixels progressive

35. HDTV – How is it different from regular TV

36. Digital TV Wider images Much more detailed pictures 5.1 channel CD-quality Dolby Digital (AC-3) surround sound The ability to send data directly to a screen or to a PC as a download (The actual HDTV transmission is based on a 19.3-Mbps digital data stream.)

37. Printers What is a printer?  Output device that produces text and graphics on a physical medium  Result is hard copy, or printout.  Produces text and graphics on paper  Two orientations: portrait and landscape portrait landscape

38. SpeedSpeedPrinters How do you know which printer to buy? BudgetBudget Color or black and white Cost per page Paper types and sizes Graphics and photo printing Multiple copies System compatibility Depends on printing needs Wireless capability Future needs

39. Printers What are the various ways to print documents and pictures? various ways to print printer cable docking station media card cable wireless printers

40. Printer - Impact Dot Matrix & Line Printers Forms characters and graphics by striking the paper via a ribbon.

41. Printer – Impact Dot Matrix & Line Printers $ 5,500.00 $ 281.00

42. Printers What is a nonimpact printer?  Forms characters and graphics without striking paper  Ink-jet printer sprays tiny drops of liquid ink onto paper.  Prints in black-and-white or color on a variety of paper types

43. Printer – Non-Impact – Ink-Jet Uses Liquid Ink Prints in Black & White and Color

44. Printer – Non-Impact - Inkjet The higher the dpi the higher the quality of the printout but the slower the printing speed Higher quality prints require coated or glossy inkjet paper Images with at least 150dpi are sufficient to print highest quality on any inkjet printer today

45. Printer – Non-Impact - Inkjet Biggest problem with inkjet printers is buying ink cartridges! However, depending on the brand of printer you can get secondary market cartridges for much less

46. Printer – Non-Impact - Inkjet Example Secondary Cartridges from www.megatoners.com www.megatoners.com Epson C84 Inkjet Printer Black Cartridge = $ 2.50 each Color Cartridge = $ 2.50 each Canon PIXMA iP3000 Black Cartridge = $ 1.20 each Color Cartridge = $ 1.20 each

47. Printers What is the resolution of a printer?  Sharpness and clarity  Measured by number of dots per inch (dpi) printer can output 300 dpi 600 dpi 1200 dpi

48. Printers How does an ink-jet printer work? Step 1. A small resistor heats the ink, causing the ink to boil and form a vapor bubble. Step 2. The vapor bubble forces the ink through the nozzle. Step 3. Ink drops onto the paper. Step 4. As the vapor bubble collapses, fresh ink is drawn into the firing chamber. Click to view Web Link, click Chapter 6, Click Web Link from left navigation, then click Ink-Jet Printers below Chapter 6 print cartridge print head firing chamber nozzle bubbleresistorink ink dot

49. Printer – Non-Impact - Inkjet How They Work Thermo Technology – Heat HP, Lexmark, & Canon Piezo Technology – Electric Epson

50. Printers What is a laser printer?  High-speed, high-quality nonimpact printer  Prints text and graphics in very high-quality resolution, ranging from 1,200 to 2,400 dpi  Typically costs more than ink-jet printer, but is much faster

51. Printer – Non-Impact – Laser Uses Dry Toner Prints in Black & White and Color HP LaserJet 2300 Laser Printer, 25 PPM, 1200 x 1200 DPI, B&W HP LaserJet 3700 Laser Printer, 16 ppm, 600 x 600 DPI, Color/ B&W, 64 MB

52. Printers How does a laser printer work? Click to view Web Link, click Chapter 6, Click Web Link from left navigation, then click Laser Printers below Chapter 6

53. Printer – Non-Impact Laser vs Inkjet Total cost of ownership (TCO) is less for laser printers. Cost per page average is $.01 - $.03 – Laser Cost per page average is $.03 - $.20 – Inkjet

54. Printers What is a photo printer?  Color printer that produces photo-lab- quality pictures  Many photo printers have a built-in card slot Click to view Web Link, click Chapter 6, Click Web Link from left navigation, then click Photo Printers below Chapter 6

55. Output Other Non-Impact Printers Thermal Mobil Label Postage Plotters Large-Format

56. Printers What is a thermal printer?  Generates images by pushing electrically heated pins against heat-sensitive paper  Dye-sublimation printer (also called a digital photo printer) uses heat to transfer dye to specially coated paper

57. Printers What is a mobile printer?  Small, lightweight, battery-powered printer that allows mobile user to print from notebook computer, Tablet PC, or PDA while traveling

58. Printers What are label printers and postage printers?  Small printer that prints on adhesive-type material  Postage printer has built-in digital scale and prints postage stamps  Most also print bar codes

59. Printers What is a plotter?  Sophisticated printer used to produce high-quality drawings  Large-format printer creates photo-realistic-quality color prints

60. Printers What is a dot-matrix printer?  Impact printer that produces printed images when tiny wire pins strike ribbon  Impact printer forms characters by striking mechanism against inked ribbon that contacts paper

61. Printers What is a line printer?  High-speed impact printer that prints entire line at a time  Speed measured in lines per minute (lpm)  Band printer prints fully formed characters using a hammer mechanism  Shuttle-matrix printer is high-speed printer that works like dot-matrix printer

62. Printing and Scanning Help http://graphicssoft.about.com/od/aboutgraphics/l/blsc anning3.htm

63. Speakers and Headsets What is an audio output device?  Computer component that produces music, speech, or other sounds  Speakers and headsets are common devices Click to view Web Link, click Chapter 6, Click Web Link from left navigation, then click Earphones below Chapter 6

64. Speakers & Headsets $ 149.00 $ 5.00 $ 50.00

65. Video: Wired Cellular Headsets A guide to the best cellular headsets low quality (click to start) high quality (click to start)

66. Speakers and Headsets What is voice output?  Computer talks to you through speakers on computer  Internet telephony allows you to have conversation over Web

67. Other Output Devices What is a facsimile (fax) machine?  Device that transmits and receives documents over telephone lines

68. Other Output Devices What is a fax modem?  Modem that allows you to send and receive electronic documents as faxes external fax modem internal fax card in system unit fax machine Click to view Web Link, click Chapter 6, Click Web Link from left navigation, then click Fax Modems below Chapter 6

69. Other Output Devices What is a multifunction peripheral?  Multifunction Devices/Printers provides functionality of printer, scanner, copy machine, and fax machine Click to view Web Link, click Chapter 6, Click Web Link from left navigation, then click Multifunction Peripherals below Chapter 6

70. Other Output Devices What is a data projector?  Device that takes image from computer screen and projects it onto larger screen

71. Other Output Devices What is force feedback?  Sends resistance to joystick or wheel in response to actions of user Click to view Web Link, click Chapter 6, Click Web Link from left navigation, then click Force Feedback Devices below Chapter 6

72. Putting It All Together What are suggested output devices for the home user? MonitorPrinterOther  17- or 19-inch LCD monitor  Ink-jet color printer; or  Photo printer  Speakers  Headset  Force-feedback joystick, wheel, and/or gamepad User

73. Putting It All Together What are suggested output devices for the small office/home office user?  19- or 21-inch LCD monitor  Color LCD screen on Tablet PC, PDA, or smart phone  Multifunction peripheral; or  Ink-jet color printer; or  Laser printer (black-and- white or color)  Label printer  Postage printer  Fax machine  Speakers MonitorPrinterOtherUser

74. Putting It All Together What are suggested output devices for the mobile user?  15.7-inch color LCD screen on notebook computer  Color LCD screen on Tablet PC, PDA, or smart phone  Mobile color printer  Ink-jet color printer; or  Laser printer for in-office use (black-and- white or color)  Photo printer  Fax modem  Headphones or earphones  DLP data projector MonitorPrinterOtherUser

75. Putting It All Together What are suggested output devices for the power user?  23-inch LCD monitor  Laser printer (black-and- white or color)  Plotter or large- format printer; or  Photo printer; or  Dye-sublimation printer  Fax machine or fax modem  Speakers  Headphones or earphones MonitorPrinterOtherUser

76. Putting It All Together What are suggested output devices for the large business user?  High-speed laser printer  Laser printer, color  Line printer (for large reports from a mainframe)  Label printer  Fax machine or fax modem  Speakers  Headphones or earphones  DLP data projector MonitorPrinterOther  19- or 21-inch LCD monitor  Color LCD screen on Tablet PC, PDA, or smart phone User

77. Output Devices for Physically Challenged Users What is the Magnifier command?  Windows Magnifier command enlarges text and other items on screen

78. Output Devices for Physically Challenged Users What other output options are available for visually impaired users?  Change Window settings, such as increasing size or changing color of text to make words easier to read  Blind users can work with voice output  Braille printer outputs information in Braille onto paper

79. Fax machines and fax modems Summary of Output Flat-panel displays CRT monitors Printers Speakers, headphones, and earphones Multifunction peripherals Data projectors Force feedback joysticks, wheels, and gamepads

80. HOMEWORK - Chapter 6 Checkpoints - Page 333 Learn it Online #8 – Page 337 Case Study #3 – Page 341 (Prepare the Report Only)