1. P E R P A M S I Persatuan Perusahaan Air Minum Seluruh Indonesia Association of Indonesian Water Supply Enterprises www.perpamsi.org IWA World Water Congress and Exhibition 10-14 September 2006, Beijing Dr. Werner BRENNER, Advisor to PERPAMSI INDONESIAN LESSONS LEARNED FROM THE 2004 TSUNAMI DISASTER IN ACEH FOR WATER SECURITY AND SAFETY MANAGEMENT

2. Extensive toll on lives  More than 170.000 dead or missing  Around 500.000 displaced Local administration collapsed  Resumed within 1 month after the Tsunami Lack of logistics / supplies, manpower, financial resources from Central Government  Emergency stocks were not sufficient to deal with the scale of disaster SNAPSHOT ON TSUNAMI RESPONSE

3. Lack of transportation infrastructures: Bottle- neck in the city of Medan / North Sumatra  Limited capacity of the airport to accommodate busy traffic (Banda Aceh, Medan, Lhokseumawe)  Limited capacity of harbors in Aceh Province (Malahayati Harbor & Lhokseumawe Harbor)  Access to West Coast only by air and sea transportation with a limited capacity SNAPSHOT ON TSUNAMI RESPONSE

4. Lack of communication infrastructures  No regular facilities of communication (cable/mobile phone) was available  Limited communication facility via satellite Insurgency (GAM) –Main problem during emergency operation (mobilization of supplies, expertise, equipment; construction of infrastructures)

5. SNAPSHOT ON TSUNAMI RESPONSE Abundance of support from all over the world arrived  Donations, Humanitarian Assistance, Technical Assistance,…..  Coordination !! Extensive damages on infrastructure, social sector, productive sector and cross sector  Banda Aceh: 60-80%  East Coast: 40-60%  West Coast: 80-100%

6. Summary Table of Damages and Losses (US$ million) Sectors in Aceh Province Property Private Public Total Infrastructure: 326 550 87619.7% Transport 166 370 53612.0% Communications 9 13 220.5% Energy 1 67 681.5% Flood Control, Irrigation, Sea Protection 132 89 2215.0% Water & Sanitation 18 11 290.7% Social Sectors: Housing, Education, Health, Culture & Religion 1,440 300 1,74039.1% Productive Sectors: Agriculture, Fisheries, Enterprises 1,132 50 1,18226.6% Cross Sectors: Environment, Administration, Banking & Finance 562 89 65114.6% Total Impact 3,460 989 4,449100.0%

7. DAMAGES AND LOSSES IN INFRA- STRUCTURE IN ACEH PROVINCE

8. PUBLIC WATER SUPPLY SERVICES IN ACEH PROVINCE

9. PERPAMSI EMERGENCY RESPONSE & LESSONS LEARNED Forming of a “Task Force” in PERPAMSI to provide immediate assistance shortly after the tsunami for emergency relief –Fact finding mission went to Aceh –Coordination of activities on 3 levels: In Jakarta: (PERPAMSI office) linking up with the donor community, suppliers, organize transports for donated goods, organize staff support to utilities in Aceh, …. In Medan / Province North Sumatra: mostly logistical support for the overland transport of goods to Aceh, staff support from utilities Distribution of goods to the utilities in Aceh Province

10. PERPAMSI EMERGENCY RESPONSE & LESSONS LEARNED Emergency relief support to affected water utilities in Aceh Province (1) –Installation of mobile water treatment plants –Provision of chemicals for water treatment –Staff support from outside Aceh to operate emergency installations –Water tanker services to camps –Repair of utility water treatment installations

11. PERPAMSI EMERGENCY RESPONSE & LESSONS LEARNED Emergency relief support to affected water utilities in Aceh Province (2) –Salary payments to utility staff –Financial support for O&M of installations –Employment of new staff supported by donors –Provision of equipment to utilities (pick-up trucks) –Training and capacity building for new utility staff –Constructing of deep wells for refugee camps

12. PERPAMSI EMERGENCY RESPONSE & LESSONS LEARNED National Level –With all water utilities –With governmental institutions –Private companies operating in the water sector International Level –Water utility associations –Donor community –NGOs PARTNERSHIPS

13. LESSONS LEARNED FOR THE GOVERNMENT OF INDONESIA Organizational Set-up on National Level  The existing national body for disaster was not effective to respond to the excessive impact  Executing Agencies: The technical departments of the Ministries of Public Works, Ministry of Health, Ministry of Communication and the Military)  Requirement of a disaster act Coordination  Very important in pooling and distributing responsibilities and available resources (funds, equipment, manpower, supplies)  Requirement: A clear and strong command line CAPACITY RESPONSE

14. INDONESIAN TSUNAMI AND EARTH QUAKE HISTORY Source: Latief H., N. T. Puspito, F. Imamura, (2000) Destructive Tsunamis between 1992 and 2004 Location / ProvinceYearFatalities (Human) Flores / NTT19921.950 East Java1994238 Irian Jaya1996110 Toli-Toli / Sulawesi19966 Taliabu / Sulawesi199818 Banggai / Sulawesi20004 Aceh2004170.000

15. INDONESIAN TSUNAMI AND EARTH QUAKE HISTORY Source: Latief H., N. T. Puspito, F. Imamura, (2000) Number of Tsunamis and their Sources in Indonesia between 1600 and 2000 Tsunami SourceNumberPercentage Tsunamigenic Earthquake9690,5 % Tsunamigenic Volcanos98,6% Tsunamigenic Landslide11,1% Total106100%