1. PRESS FOR NEXT SLIDE PRESS TO END SLIDESHOW 1

2. PRESS FOR NEXT SLIDE PRESS TO END SLIDESHOW  Burning gasoline to power vehicles pollutes the air and causes smog  Emissions from cars contribute to global warming  You can help save the environment by using fuel more efficiently Vehicle Pollution and the Environment http://top-10-list.org/wp-content/uploads/2009/08/Beijing-China-Polution.jpghttp://www.toptenreviews.com/i/rev/misc/articles/5037/dishwasher-disp-1.jpg 2

3. With this setup you can:  Check out new vehicle technologies and how they can improve fuel economy  Test different driving habits and see how YOU can save fuel to help the environment PRESS FOR NEXT SLIDE PRESS TO END SLIDESHOW http://www.slipperybrick.com/wp-content/uploads/2008/07/logitech-dfw.jpghttp://cdn.c.photoshelter.com/img-get/I0000zaOWBX7mNKo/s/900/2012- chevrolet-corvette-photo-105.jpg http://dayerses.com/data_images/posts/chevrolet-silverado-hybrid/chevrolet- silverado-hybrid-11.jpg 3

4. PRESS FOR NEXT SLIDE PRESS TO END SLIDESHOW Internal Combustion Engine (Gas) Vehicles http://www.dkimages.com/discover/previews/839/5104352.JPG  A mixture of gasoline and air powers the engine  Engine emissions pollute the air  Only about 14-26% of fuel energy is used – much of it is lost in the engine as heat 4

5. PRESS FOR NEXT SLIDE PRESS TO END SLIDESHOW Hybrid Vehicles http://www.fueleconomy.gov/feg/hybrid_diag.gif  They are powered by both an electric motor and a gasoline engine  Regenerative braking turns vehicle kinetic energy into reusable electricity while braking  Engine turns off when the car is stopped; restarts when the car moves 5

6. PRESS FOR NEXT SLIDE PRESS TO END SLIDESHOW Electric Vehicles (EV) http://threepointmotors.com/Portals/0/images/smart/smart_ed/image/smart_ed_tech_750x439.jpg  Rechargeable batteries provide power to an electric motor  Less use of fossil fuels  EVs convert over 80% of battery energy to power the wheels  No exhaust gas! 6

7. Energy Losses and Vehicle Efficiency: There are a lot of reasons why a vehicle loses energy. Some of the main reasons are:  Air resistance  Rolling resistance Type of vehicle you drive Your driving style Amount of fuel used  Engine losses PRESS FOR NEXT SLIDE PRESS TO END SLIDESHOW http://file.kelleybluebookimages.com/kbb/vehicleimage/evoxseo/extspj/l/7182/2011-chevrolet-corvette-360spinframe_7182_036_640x480.jpg http://cynicallipgloss.files.wordpress.com/2011/03/angry-driver.jpg http://us.123rf.com/400wm/400/400/madmaxer/madmaxer1001/madmaxer100100074/6304869-3d-illustration-of-generic-fuel-meter-over-black-background.jpg  Driving style 7

8. More speed More energy lost  Air resistance is directly proportional to the square of the vehicle’s velocity PRESS FOR NEXT SLIDE PRESS TO END SLIDESHOW http://www.thedetroitbureau.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/01/2013-Chevrolet-Corvette-427-Convertible.jpg 8

9.  Low tire pressure increases rolling resistance PRESS FOR NEXT SLIDE PRESS TO END SLIDESHOW  Rolling resistance is related to the mass of the vehicle and the rolling coefficient http://www.shopautoweek.com/content/dam/saw/article-images/low%20rolling%20resistance%20tires.jpg.sthumbnails.638.486.png 9

10.  By using less engine RPM, you can lower engine losses  Engines need to breath! Keep engines’ air filters clean to save fuel PRESS FOR NEXT SLIDE PRESS TO END SLIDESHOW Engine Losses http://www.procarcare.com/images/shar/encyclopedia/8852HP04.jpg http://www.myride.com/images/carcom/06_Corv ette_Z06/400/06_Corvette_Z06_inengine.jpg Engine speeds are measured by Rotation Per Minute or Engine speeds are measured by Rotation Per Minute or RPM 10

11.  Drive slower to help lower air resistance  Make sure your tire pressure is right. Low tire pressure increases fuel consumption  Don’t drive aggressively! Try not to brake or accelerate more than you need to PRESS FOR NEXT SLIDE PRESS TO END SLIDESHOW Tips For Better Driving http://images.thecarconnection.com/lrg/2008-corvette-interior-jpg_100203910_l.jpg 11

12. We are grateful for the financial support of Ontario Research Fund and Automotive Partnership Canada for the development of this setup. The contributions of Kevin Cochran, Mitch Rushton, Babak Ebrahimi, Xiang Fang, and Adrian Neil have been significant in the design, fabrication and programming of this setup and are very appreciated. Amir Khajepour, PhD, PEng Professor and Canada Research Chair in Mechatronic Vehicle Systems Principal Investigator, Green Intelligent Transportation Systems – Green ITS Acknowledgments 12