1. XRML Syntax and Automated Form Processing 2001. 3. 3 IIS/EC Lab Mye M. Sohn

2. IIS/EC Lab 2 Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. XRML Syntax 2.1 Overall Architecture of XRML 2.2 Rule Structure Language (RSL) 2.3 Rule Triggering Language (RTL) 2.4 Rule Identification Language (RIL) 3. Application of Automated Form Processing 4. Conclusion

3. IIS/EC Lab 3 1. Introduction

4. IIS/EC Lab 4 Advent of XML  Standard communication format across the Internet. Extensible Markup Language (XML)  However, exchanged data is insufficient for rule processing which is involved with workflow system.

5. IIS/EC Lab 5 Workflow System  So we need the rule exchange scheme on workflow system, which can be understood expert system agents. XRML(Extensible Rule Markup Language)

6. IIS/EC Lab 6 Definition of XRML  Extensible Rule Markup Language (XRML) extension of XML with additional capabilities of structured rule exchange and interact with ESA and human on intranet workflow system.

7. IIS/EC Lab 7 2.1 Overall Architecture of XRML 2.2 Rule Structure Language (RSL) 2.3 Rule Identification Language (RIL) 2.4 Rule Triggering Language (RTL) 2. XRML Syntax

8. IIS/EC Lab 8 2.1 Overall Architecture of XRML Expert System Agent RB Inference Engine Inference Engine XML/RIL RTL in Forms Object Type Forms Answer Trigger Inquiry Workflow Consistency Transform RSL Knowledge Engineer Web Brower XML/ HTML Knowledge Editor HTML Forms Call Web Browser XRML Parser

9. IIS/EC Lab 9 2.2 Rule Structure Language (RSL)  Automation of the decision making on workflow  Structured rule exchange is essential  To do so, we design Rule Structure Language (RSL) which can represent rule structure in markup syntax.

10. IIS/EC Lab 10 RSL Representation Budgetary Constraints for research fund budgetary appropriateness ( AND ( budgetary_source IS type _P_research_fund ) …… ……

11. IIS/EC Lab 11 DTD of RSL

12. IIS/EC Lab 12 BNF of RSL rule ::= ( (rulegrouptitle literal) statement {statement} ) statement ::= (ruletitle literal) conditions statement conditions ::= AND (statement IS| statement>| OR (statement IS| statement)|NIL {AND (statement IS| statement)| OR (statement IS| statement)|NIL} statement ::= literal | literal ::= >=|<=|=

13. IIS/EC Lab 13 XSL (Extensible Stylesheet Language) <xsl:stylesheet version="1.0" xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform" xmlns:fo="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Format"> IF THEN

14. IIS/EC Lab 14 Illustrative HTML on Browser

15. IIS/EC Lab 15 Advantages of RSL  RSL  Structured Rule Interchange format on Internet

16. IIS/EC Lab 16 2.3 Rule Identification Language (RIL)  To aid human agent’s knowledge processing, rule which is represented RSL should be converted to unstructured HTML. Rule Identification Language (RIL)

17. IIS/EC Lab 17 Design of RIL  RIL is component of XRML which can identify the relevant rule and contingency variable in unstructured HTML.  Rule title may be viewed as pointer that point out the relevant RSL  Contingency Variables The RSL should be reconstructed by change of variables in RIL and vice versa.

18. IIS/EC Lab 18 RIL Representation budgetary appropriateness If the budgetary source is the type-P research fund, the spendable items are student salary and expenses for data collection

19. IIS/EC Lab 19 DTD of RIL

20. IIS/EC Lab 20 Display for Human’s Comprehension. Pointing to RSL

21. IIS/EC Lab 21 Advantages of RIL  Aid human agent’s Knowledge Processing  Conversion of XRML (including Rule Identification Language) to XML/HTML  Maintain Consistency between Rule Base and Web page  Aid the extraction(semi-automatically) of rules from XML maintaining consistency between them

22. IIS/EC Lab 22 2.4 Rule Triggering Language (RTL)  Intelligent agent’s knowledge processing against web client  To perform the rule processing, form of workflow can trigger the ESA which can give adequate inference results. Rule Triggering Language (RTL)

23. IIS/EC Lab 23 Representation of RTL  New attributes type can be created in the form  Representation of the attributes in grammatical form which is represent not only relevant rule, but also returned result that is selected among inference results.  Suggestion of variables and values that describe attribute types.

24. IIS/EC Lab 24 BNF of RTL ::= (rule_group_title literal) (rule_title literal) (attribute_name literal {literal}) access_var invoke_time description access_var ::= new-value|new-values|get-value|get_values|delete-value| delete-values|add-value|add-values invoke_time ::= before|after description ::= attribute_name inference_value attribute_name ::= literal inference_value ::= literal|a certain number

25. IIS/EC Lab 25 Example of RTL {{requisition-2000/6/28-1 (requisition_section : ICEC ) (Use_for: student’s salary) (budgetary_source: type-P research fund) (account: P-1234) (amount: 1000) (permission: ) (RULE_TRIGGER: ( Budget Control budgetary_appropriateness budgetary_source new-value after permission )}}

26. IIS/EC Lab 26 Advantages of RTL  Aid Agent’s Knowledge Processing against Web page  Triggering rule-based inferences in the agents, possibly from the Workflow Management System

27. IIS/EC Lab 27 Knowledge Management  XRML is devised for Knowledge Management among agents of intranet workflow system  Knowledge Sharing and Reusing  To achieve the knowledge sharing, knowledge should be managed consistently between RSL and RIL.

28. IIS/EC Lab 28 3. Application of Automated Form Processing

29. IIS/EC Lab 29 Rule embedded in a form  In the workflow system, form embed with many rule processing on web client.  In student salary payment process, for instance, the following rules are applied to determine whether or not type-P research fund are allowed.

30. IIS/EC Lab 30 Illustrative Rules IF (budgetary-source IS type-P research fund) AND ((item IS student’s-salary OR (item IS data-collection-expenses)) THEN permission IS allowed IF (budgetary-source IS type-P research fund) AND NOT (((item IS student’s-salary OR (item IS data-collection-expenses))) THEN permission IS denied

31. IIS/EC Lab 31 Issues of form processing(1)  Storage of the rule  Memorized by human beings or may be referred to by consulting printed regulations (Unstructured HTML Document). Cause of the Inaccurate Transaction  Remedy  Adoption of intelligent agent named Expert System Agent (ESA)

32. IIS/EC Lab 32 Issues of form processing(2)  ESA on web client can’t yet understand the unstructured HTML.  Remedy  Structured rule representation is essential.

33. IIS/EC Lab 33 Issues of form processing(3)  Management (Maintenance) of structured rule  Centralized Management By a Knowledge Engineer Rule exchange using XRML (Push Service) Knowledge Sharing Achievement of Knowledge Management

34. IIS/EC Lab 34 Illustrative RSL Revision Process Step 1) RSL Rule Revision by Knowledge Engineer Selection of revised RSL rule. For instance, the P-type research fund can be paid out for travel expense. Added RSL Rule Part : Budgetary Constraints for research fund ( : ) ( OR ( item IS travel_expense ) ……

35. IIS/EC Lab 35 Push Service by RSL Server Step 2) Push service to ESA on Web Client Intelligent Agents RSL server Update the rule named budgetary_appropriateness Monitoring web clients Initiate inference using a rule named budgetary_appropriateness Trigger the rule Send to rule update message Reply the acceptance message Push the updated RSL rule Parser receives the updated rule Transform to condition-action type rule Perform the inference Monitoring

36. IIS/EC Lab 36 Illustrative RIL Revision Process (1) Browsed Display Research budgets is organized within limits of the contract deposit and distributed to each accounts. The use of research budget is as follows: budgetary appropriateness If the budgetary source is the type-P research fund, the spendable items are student salary and expenses for data collection and travel expense Research budgets is organized within limits of the contract deposit and distributed to each accounts. The use of research budget is as follows: budgetary appropriateness If the budgetary source is the type-P research fund, the spendable items are student salary and expenses for data collection and travel expense HTML/RIL

37. IIS/EC Lab 37 Illustrative RIL Revision Process  Consistency between RIL and RSL The research fund is ………….. ………. budgetary appropriateness If the budgetary source is the type-P research fund, the spendable items are student salary and expenses for data collection The research fund is ………….. ………. budgetary appropriateness If the budgetary source is the type-P research fund, the spendable items are student salary and expenses for data collection Budgetary Type Constraints budgetary appropriateness (AND ( budgetary_source IS type-P research fund ) (OR ( item IS student’s salary ) ( item IS data collection expenses ))) permission IS allowed Budgetary Type Constraints budgetary appropriateness (AND ( budgetary_source IS type-P research fund ) (OR ( item IS student’s salary ) ( item IS data collection expenses ))) permission IS allowed RIL RSL

38. IIS/EC Lab 38 Illustrative Form Processing Step 1) Form generation Form template (RTL embed) is uploaded.

39. IIS/EC Lab 39 Form processing on Web Client Step 2) The RTL trigger ESA. Step 2.1) ESA search a specific rule named “budgetary appropriateness” in RB. Step 2.2) The moment ESA triggered a rule, RSL server push a rule if rule is changed. Otherwise, ESA can triggered rule in its RB. Step 3) Return to inference result to form.

40. IIS/EC Lab 40 Remarks  XRML can be a useful automated form processing on Internet

41. IIS/EC Lab 41 4. Conclusions  Number of consulting unstructured HTML files manually will be reduced.  Achieve the consistency management between rules, web, and knowledge processing.  Expandable to any application of workflow.