1. Unit 2: History and Institutional Structures of Road Safety Management

2. 11 Tracking your way through Road Safety 101 Unit 2: The History and Institutional Structures of Road Safety Management Module 1:The Foundation for Road Safety Management Policy Module 2:Safety Management Roles and Responsibilities Module 3:Road Safety Education Opportunities Module 4:Funding Sources, Requirements, and Opportunities

3. Unit 2 2 The Foundation for Road Safety Management Policy LEARNING OBJECTIVE: Identify the legislative initiatives, program development and delivery structures, research initiatives, and other factors that have shaped road safety management practices.

4. Unit 2 3 Major Topics  Key Events and Legislation  Federal Programs Established in the 70’s and 80’s  Current Structure and Priorities  Road Safety Research Initiatives

5. Unit 2 4 A History Lesson

6. Unit 2 5 Road Safety in the 1960s “…Gravest problem before the nation.”

7. Unit 2 6 Key Events and Legislation

8. Unit 2 7 Road Safety Legislation – 1960s  1966 National Traffic and Motor Vehicle Safety Act Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards Research and development National Driver Register  1966 Highway Safety Act Highway safety grant program Uniform standards Road user behavior Governor’s Representatives  Federal/State Partnership

9. Unit 2 8 Road Safety -- ’70s and ’80s  1973 Highway Safety Act Conduct a survey of all hazardous locations. Study the causes of crashes at those locations. Conduct a benefit/cost analysis of proposed mitigation strategies at those locations. Prioritize improvements based on the results of the benefit/cost ratio analysis.  Categorical Funding Highway-rail grade crossings; High hazard locations; Pavement marking demonstration programs; Elimination of roadside obstacles; and Federal-aid safer roads demonstration.

10. Unit 2 9 ’70s and ’80s (cont.) Commercial Motor Vehicles  Crash number and severity  Hazardous materials incidents  FMCSA

11. Unit 2 10 1990s Legislation 1991 Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act 1998 Transportation Equity Act for the 21 st Century

12. Unit 2 11 TEA-21 Safety Conscious Planning

13. Unit 2 12 Where we are today 2005 Safe, Accountable, Flexible, Efficient Transportation Equity Act – A Legacy for Users Highway Safety Improvement Program Strategic Highway Safety Plan

14. Unit 2 13 Today (cont.)  High-Risk Rural Roads  Highway Rail Grade Crossing  Other Features of SAFETEA-LU Safe Routes to School Traffic Records Systems Improvements (Section 408) Incentive Grants and Transfer Programs (continued from TEA- 21)

15. Unit 2 14 Road Safety Research Initiatives  1972 – 1977 Indiana Tri-Level Study Crash Factors Human 93% Environmental 34% Vehicle 13%

16. Unit 2 15 Thinking about Human Factors  Chevrons  Flashing beacons  Rumble strips and stripes  Ambulance service  Trauma centers

17. Unit 2 16 Road Safety Research Initiatives  National Academies of Science  Transportation Research Board (TRB)  National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) AASHTO FHWA TRB

18. Unit 2 17 University Research  University of Michigan  University of North Carolina  Iowa State University  Texas A&M University

19. Unit 2 18 Private Sector Research  Insurance Institute for Highway Safety vehicle road user roadway factors  Vehicle Research Center  Highway Loss Data Institute

20. Unit 2 19 Federal Research  FHWA  NHTSA  FMCSA  FTA Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration

21. Unit 2 20 Review  Key Events and Legislation  Federal Programs Established in the 70’s and 80’s  Current Structure and Priorities  Road Safety Research Initiatives

22. Unit 2 21 Safety Management Roles and Responsibilities Describe the institutional roles and responsibilities within which safety is managed by federal/state/local governments, private/nonprofit interest groups, professional associations, and research institutions.

23. Unit 2 22 Major Topics  Federal Agencies  State Agencies  Local Agencies  Private/Nonprofit Interest Groups and Professional Associations  Research Groups

24. Unit 2 23 Federal Agencies

25. Unit 2 24 Federal Agencies with Road Safety Responsibilities  FHWA  NHTSA

26. Unit 2 25 Federal Agencies (cont.)  FMSCA  FRA  FTA

27. Unit 2 26 State Agencies  State DOTs Design Construction Maintenance Operations Planning  Governor’s Highway Safety Representative Behavioral safety initiatives State/local coordination

28. Unit 2 27 State Agencies (cont.)  Department of Motor Vehicles  State Police and Departments of Public Safety  Departments of Health and Education

29. Unit 2 28 Local Agencies  City and County DOTs or Public Works  City and County Law Enforcement Agencies  Safe Communities Coalitions

30. Unit 2 29 Local Agencies (cont.)  City and County Emergency Management Agencies  City and County Health Departments  City and County Public School Systems

31. Unit 2 Interest Groups  Associations of Individuals or Organizations  Promote Common Interests  May be Restricted on Lobbying Activities  Can Communicate Effectively with Decision Makers  Need to be Educated and Informed about Road Safety

32. Unit 2 Public Interest Groups  Shared Interest  Member Services  Advocacy Tools Mobilize citizens Change opinions Disseminate policy reports Arrange meetings

33. Unit 2 AAA  Traffic Safety Focus Areas: Building safer roads Reducing high-risk driving Improving safety data collection  Advocacy Work at National and State Level  Example Campaign: “Slow Down and Move Over”

34. Unit 2 MADD  Federal and State policy  Grassroots approaches: PI&E campaigns Administrative License Revocation Federal 21 Minimum Drinking Age Law.08 BAC laws  Presidential Commission on Drunk Driving  National Commission Against Drunk Driving  National Drunk and Drugged Driving Awareness Month

35. Unit 2 Interest Group Policy Influence

36. Unit 2 Private Sector Associations  Represent Industry Interests  Advocacy Tools: Meetings with legislators Campaign contributions Publication of policy reports Industry advertising

37. Unit 2 American Insurance Association (AIA)  Represents Property-casualty Insurers  Interested in Reducing Crashes  Advocate for Safety Belt Laws, Impaired Driving Penalties, Automated Enforcement, etc.  Supports Safety Research (Insurance Institute for Highway Safety)

38. 37 More Examples  American Traffic Safety Services Association  American Road Transportation Builders Association  National Safety Council

39. Unit 2 Professional Associations  Maximize Public Funding  Reduce Regulatory Burden  Protect Public Interest  Provide Member Services

40. Unit 2 AASHTO The American Association of State Highway Transportation Officials  Represents state departments of transportation (DOTs)  Advises governments on all aspects of transportation policy  Safety interests Traffic safety is a focus area (SCOHTS) Example: Model SHSP

41. Unit 2 GHSA The Governors Highway Safety Association  Represents Governors’ Highway Safety Representatives  Focus on Behavioral Safety Solutions Occupant protection Impaired driving Traffic records Speeding and aggressive driving  Conducts Legislative Advocacy  Provides Member Services

42. Unit 2 Research Institutions  Advocacy role Expert testimony Testing new and existing safety solutions Analytical support  Institutions Academic Public Private

43. Unit 2 Highway Safety Research Center  Formed by state legislature  Ongoing safety research on a variety of topics  Example of influence: Developed and evaluated graduated driver licensing system Results solidified support for the program  Funding Federal, state, and local governments Private organizations University of North Carolina

44. Unit 2 Texas Transportation Institute  Created to Serve the Texas Highway Department  Both a State Agency and Part of Texas A&M  Receives State, Federal, and Private Funds  Researches Broad Range of Transportation Subjects  Includes a Center for Transportation Safety

45. Unit 2 TTI Research Results: Safer Guardrail

46. Unit 2 Interest group conflict and collaboration Types of conflict:  Public vs. private interests  Public vs. public interests  Benefits  Success Stories

47. Unit 2 Summary on Interest Groups  Public interest groups  Private sector interest groups  Professional associations  Research institutions  Conflict and collaboration

48. Unit 2 47 Review  Federal Agencies  State and Local Agencies  Private/Nonprofit Interest Groups  Professional Associations  Research Groups

49. Unit 2 Exercise #3 Internet Research 48

50. Unit 2 49 Road Safety Education Opportunities Describe road safety education and training opportunities available in the U.S.

51. Unit 2 50 Major Topics  Federal Education and Training Institutes  Federal Training Programs  University-based Education  Private Industry Education and Training Opportunities  Science-based Road Safety Education

52. Unit 2 51 The Need for Education and Training  Aging Safety Workforce  Lack of Experience among Young Professionals  Lack of Core Safety Knowledge

53. Unit 2 52 Federal Institutions  http://www.nhi.fhwa.dot.gov http://www.nhi.fhwa.dot.gov  http://www.tsi.dot.gov/Catalog/Default.aspx?value=DTI-70 http://www.tsi.dot.gov/Catalog/Default.aspx?value=DTI-70

54. Unit 2 53 Institutions (cont.)  http://www.ntionline.com/Courses.asp http://www.ntionline.com/Courses.asp  http://www.fmcsa.dot.gov/about/outreach/outreach.htm http://www.fmcsa.dot.gov/about/outreach/outreach.htm

55. Unit 2 54 FHWA Training Programs  Road Safety Professional Capacity Building Program http://safety.fhwa.dot.gov/training/index.htm  LTAP/TTAP http://www.ltapt2.org/  Focused Training RSAs SCR Media Training

56. Unit 2 55 Results of a University-Based Education Scan  Limited Opportunities Engineering Public Health  Limited Science-based Educational Opportunities

57. Unit 2 56 University-State Partnerships  Pennsylvania State University  Old Dominion University  Texas Transportation Institute  University of Michigan Transportation Research Center  Iowa State University  Highway Safety Research Center (UNC)

58. Unit 2 57 Public Health Training and Education  Johns Hopkins University http://www.jhsph.edu/injurycenter/Education_and_Training /index.htmlhttp://www.jhsph.edu/injurycenter/Education_and_Training /index.html  University of Pittsburgh http://www.circl.pitt.edu/ http://www.circl.pitt.edu/html/seminars.htm  University of California – Berkeley http://www.tsc.berkeley.edu/

59. Unit 2 58 Law Enforcement Training and Education  Local and State Training Academies http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov/bjs/abstract/slleta02.htm  IPTM http://www.iptm.org/  Northwestern University Center for Public Safety http://nucps.northwestern.edu/

60. Unit 2 59 Other Education and Training Opportunities  AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety  American Traffic Safety Services Association  Governors Highway Safety Association  Institute for Transportation Engineers

61. Unit 2 60 Science-Based Road Safety Education  Pragmatic vs. Science-Based Safety Standards, warrants, and guidelines Science-Based tools and references  University Education  Training Courses

62. Unit 2 61 Review  Federal Education and Training Institutes  Federal Training Programs  University-based Education  Private Industry Education and Training Opportunities  Science-based Road Safety Education

63. Unit 2 62 Funding Sources, Requirements, and Opportunities Identify, access, and share funding to support road safety initiatives.

64. Unit 2 63 Main Topics  Federal Transportation Funding Structure and Resources  Sources of State and Local Revenue  Alternative Funding Opportunities  Best Practices and Barriers in Accessing and Sharing Resources  A Case Study in Resource Sharing

65. Unit 2 64 Federal Funding Structure Federal Highway Trust Fund (1956)  Fuel Taxes (90%)  Truck Sales Tax  Tire Tax  Heavy Vehicle Use Tax

66. Unit 2 65 Federal Funding Structure  FHWA Core programs Interstate Maintenance National Highway System Surface Transportation Program Highway Bridge and Bridge Maintenance Congestion Mitigation and Air Quality Highway Safety Improvement Program Equity Bonus  Other Federal Agencies

67. Unit 2 66 Federal Resources – FHWA Highway Safety Improvement Program  Core Funding Program  $5.1 Billion over 4 Years  High Crash Location Focus  Set Asides Highway Rail Grade Crossings High Risk Rural Roads Safe Routes to School  Flex Program

68. Unit 2 67 Federal Resources – NHTSA State & Community Highway Safety Program  Nearly $900 million for Fiscal Years 2006-2009  Safety problems related to human factors and the roadway environment  States plan for distribution of funds annually – Highway Safety Performance Plans  Certification – funds support national highway safety goals National mobilizations Sustained enforcement of impaired driving, occupant protection, and speed Annual safety belt observation surveys Statewide data systems

69. Unit 2 68 NHTSA – Section 408  Purpose Accuracy Accessibility Completeness Integration Timeliness Uniformity  Grant Requirements

70. Unit 2 69 Other NHTSA Grant Funds  Safety Belt Incentive Grants  Grants to Prevent Racial Profiling  Impaired Driving Grants  Motorcycle Safety Grants  Penalty Transfer Funds

71. Unit 2 70 Federal Resources – FMCSA Motor Carrier Safety Assistance Program  Reduce number and severity of CMV crashes and hazardous materials incidents  Promotes adoption and uniform enforcement of safety rules, regulations, and standards by interstate and intrastate motor carriers  Allocation of funds to states by categories  Portion of funds can be used for data collection and analysis and improvements to existing systems

72. Unit 2 71 Challenges to Future Financing  End of FY2009, Highway Account – Negative $4.3B  To Maintain Highway and Transit Systems – $50B Annual Gap  To Improve the Systems – $100B Annual Gap

73. Unit 2 72 Sources of State Revenue  Fuel Taxes  Vehicle Registration Fees  Motor Carrier Taxes  Tolls  General Fund Appropriations  Other Taxes and Fees  Bond Sales

74. Unit 2 73 Sources of Local Revenue  Motor Fuel and Motor Vehicle Taxes  Tolls  Property Taxes  Other Special Taxes  Bonds  General Fund Appropriations

75. Unit 2 74 Alternative Funding Opportunities  Robert Wood Johnson Foundation  AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety  Insurance industry  Auto clubs, such as AAA  In-kind Support

76. Unit 2 75 Funding Opportunities on the Web  Grants.Gov www.grants.gov http://www.grants.gov/aboutgrants/about_grants_gov.jspwww.grants.gov http://www.grants.gov/aboutgrants/about_grants_gov.jsp  CDC Grant Funding Opportunity Announcements http://www.cdc.gov/od/pgo/funding/FOAs.htm http://www.cdc.gov/od/pgo/funding/FOAs.htm  State Agency Websites – State Procurement, DOTs, Highway Safety Offices, Departments of Public Safety and Public Health

77. Unit 2 76 Best Practices for Accessing Funding  Identify Needed Resources  Identify Funding Sources  "Pitch" the Project  Make Your Case  Maintain Relationships  Professionally Appropriate Proposals

78. Unit 2 77 Opportunities to Share/Leverage Resources  Scan the environment Similar or related programs/initiatives Similar target or focus audiences  Cross-jurisdictional Initiatives State support for local and regional efforts Multi-jurisdictional enforcement teams Data sharing

79. Unit 2 78 Barriers to Sharing Resources  Lack of Knowledge of Available Resources  Inadequate Communication  Lack of Respect or Trust  Institutional “Cultural” Differences  Different Missions and Priorities  Confidentiality/Legal Issues  Different Planning Cycles  Rigid Funding Criteria

80. Unit 2 79 Overcoming Barriers  Cross-train Stakeholders  Develop Information Sharing Strategies  Document Funding Arrangements  Ask Agencies to Adopt New Policies  Consider Non-traditional Resources

81. Unit 2 80 A Case Study in Resource Sharing The South Carolina Department of Transportation Work Zone Initiative Department of Transportation Department of Public Safety Emergency Medical Services Counties Cities Law Enforcement Federal Highway Administration

82. Unit 2 81 The South Carolina Partnership  Marketing  Partnerships  Resources  All It Takes Is Everyone!

83. Unit 2 82 Review  Federal Transportation Funding Structure and Resources  Sources of State and Local Revenue  Alternative Funding Opportunities  Best Practices and Barriers in Accessing and Sharing Resources  A Case Study in Resource Sharing