1. Characteristic & Non-Characteristic Properties

2. What are “Characteristics”
Question: What do we mean when we talk about the characteristics of something or somebody?

3. Characteristic Properties
A characteristic property is a physical or chemical property that is unique to a particular substance. It can be used to identify a substance.

4. Characteristic Properties Examples
Density: The amount of matter in an object, which is calculated by divided the mass by the volume
Magnetism: The force of attraction between a magnet and a magnetic object

5. Characteristic Properties Examples (cont.)
Solubility: A measure of how well a substance can dissolve in another substance.
The Solute: the substance that is dissolved
The Solvent: the substance that the solute dissolves
The Solution: the result of mixing a solute and a solvent

6. Characteristic Properties Examples (cont.)
Melting Point: The temperature at which a substance changes from a solid to a liquid
Boiling Point: The temperature at which a substance changes from a liquid to a gas

7. Non-Characteristic Properties
A non-characteristic property is a physical or chemical property that is not unique to one particular substance. It could be used to describe many substances

8. Non-Characteristic Properties Examples
Temperature
Mass
Shape
Colour

9. Example: The English Oak
Density = 720 kg/m3
Light yellow to Medium brown in colour
25-30 m tall
Characteristic Property
Non-Characteristic Property
Non-Characteristic Property

10. Temperature
In science temperature is measured in degrees Celsius (°C) or sometimes in degrees Kelvin (K)
To measure temperature we use a thermometer

11. Important Temperatures
Freezing Point of Water: 0°C
Liquid water will freeze to solid ice at 0°C
Melting Point of Ice: 0°C
Solid ice will melt to liquid water at 0°C
Boiling Point of Water: 100°C
Liquid water will change into a gas at 100°C
These are all examples of Physical Changes

12. Physical vs. Chemical Properties and Changes
Physical Properties:
These can be observed or measured without changing the make-up of the matter of the object.
These properties can be used to describe the object.

13. Physical Properties Include:
Appearance
Texture
Color
Odor
Melting point
Boiling point
Density
Solubility

14. Physical Changes
Physical Changes: These are changes that relate to the physical properties.
There is no change to the chemical make-up during a physical change.

15. Examples of Physical Changes
Ice melting
Clay being modeled into a new shape
Butter melting on toast
Paper is cut in half
Water evaporates from the surface of the ocean
A beach ball deflates

16. Chemical Properties Chemical Property:
A chemical property becomes evident during a chemical reaction.
This is because it only becomes apparent when the object is chemically changed.
A chemical property cannot be determined by simply viewing or touching the object

17. Chemical Changes
Chemical changes: These are changes that change the substance or object into something different or new. These changes are also irreversible.

18. Examples of Chemical Changes
Explosion of fireworks
Nail rusts
Bread becomes toast
Milk goes sour
You digest food
Paper on fire

19. The 5 Signs of a Chemical Change
A chemical change has happened if
1) A gas or solid (precipitate) is produced
2) There is a colour change
3) Heat is created or absorbed
4) A light is given off
5) An odour is produced