1. Pathways to change Day 2, Informing Changes Workshop 4: Pathways to change

2. Pathways to change Day 2, Informing Changes Workshop 4: Pathways to change What does the data tell us? Insights from the data Insights and themes from BPE What needs to change and who needs to know? The key messages emerging and who needs to know The audiences - who controls what? who can deliver change? Exercise 1 Making it happen What do people need to make it happen (occupants, operators, designers) Exercise 2 Discussion

3. Pathways to change Day 2, Informing Changes What does the data tell us?

4. Pathways to change Day 2, Informing Changes What does the data tell us? Actual (metered) energy use significantly higher than benchmarks and design targets BPE early findings showed actual is 2 – 9 times higher than design targets (BER) Benchmark comparisons can be useful to gain attention, highlight the task – simple message for all.

5. Pathways to change Day 2, Informing Changes What does the data tell us? Key Themes Hours of operation Operation not matched to occupancy Controls Inappropriate controls, not being used correctly, complex, poor labelling, incorrect settings and set points BMS Complexity, issues around functionality, commissioning, communication and training

6. Pathways to change Day 2, Informing Changes What does the data tell us? Key Themes Commissioning (buildings and equipment) Inadequate, incomplete, key staff not involved, poorly timed, handover material not useful Sub-meters Lack of an understood metering strategy, reconciliation not carried out, issues of functionality, sub meters not installed

7. Pathways to change Day 2, Informing Changes What does the data tell us? Key Themes Windows Lack of understanding of ventilation strategy, actuator control / opening issues Lighting Excessive levels and inability to control Plant and equipment (generally) Efficiency (technology), condition, size, age

8. Pathways to change Day 2, Informing Changes What does the data tell us? Key Themes Fabric performance (from thermographic and air pressure testing) Construction quality around junctions, specification detailing, integrity of air barriers Renewables & ‘Innovative Systems’ Issues around design, installation, integration with other systems, operation and maintenance, complexity and control

9. Pathways to change Day 2, Informing Changes What does the data tell us There are opportunities to improve performance (to narrow the gap) In general these fall under the following areas. Design – is energy efficiency embedded in processes for new build and retrofit? Operations – can we improve the ongoing management and maintenance of building, plant and equipment? Occupant behaviour – are building occupants engaged in energy efficient operations? Procurement – are we buying energy efficient equipment? Maintenance – is energy efficiency embedded into maintenance contracts and practices?

10. Pathways to change Day 2, Informing Changes What needs to change and who needs to know?

11. Pathways to change Day 2, Informing Changes Off-site maintenance Facilities Management Building occupants Services Contractors Building Contractors Building owners Procurement teams Design teams BMS and controls suppliers Others – Catering, cleaning, security Procurement methods Performance standards Specifications – fabric, plant, controls, metering Design standards Design targets Build quality, fabric performance Commissioning Selection of materials, plant, controls Installation of plant and controls Hours of use of building and services Building changes of use Operation of building and services Performance efficiency of plant Control schedules set points StakeholdersIntervention and influence areas Maintenance of fabric & plant Occupant behaviours

12. Pathways to change Day 2, Informing Changes Audiences (Roles and responsibilities): simplified Client/owner e.g. Developer Landlord Lend Lease Owner/ occupier cd Design team e.g. Architect Struct. Eng Serv. Eng QS b Build team incl. Main Cont. Civils Electricians HVAC Eng QS o Occupants Incl. Full time Part time Transient Visitors f Facilities e.g. On-site FM Off-site FM Caretaker Security

13. Pathways to change Day 2, Informing Changes StageInput (typically) by Acquisition Planning Design Tender Value Engineering Construction Commissioning Handover Operation and Management Building Performance EvaluationNot routinely performed Roles and responsibilities: simplified Full block: Main parties; Half block:Parties with significant input Client/ownerDesign team: Architect Services Eng Structural Eng Contractor team: Civils Electricians HVAC OccupantsFacilities and/or independent evaluation

14. Pathways to change Day 2, Informing Changes Design Tender Value Engineering Construction Commissioning Handover Operation and Management Uncontrolled ventilation losses Occupant dissatisfaction Uncontrolled ventilation losses Occupant dissatisfaction VE Window type selection, narrowed actuator options Occupants try to manually open the windows and break handles Motorised fan lights selected Lack of understanding of use on site Technology unproven in schools Windows become stuck open Actuator falling between architects and M&E Actuators and window units incompatible Actuators and window units incompatible Design team unfamiliar with technology Relatively complex system - inappropriate No information for occupants Actuator – unlabelled switch on the wall Form of contract and specification not tight enough - requirement to find an actuator (as part of a package) Actuator function problems

15. Pathways to change Day 2, Informing Changes Exercise 1

16. Pathways to change Day 2, Informing Changes Exercise 1 (20 minutes) Discuss in pairs (10 minutes), share responses (10 minutes) 1.What do you think are the top 3 key interventions needed in your building (planned or existing building) to improve energy performance? 2.What are the roots of the issue (opportunity)? 3.Who are the key people who can make this intervention a success? Key intervention area What are the roots of this issue or opportunity? Who controls the success or failure? 1 2 3 Who Controls this stuff?

17. Pathways to change Day 2, Informing Changes Making it happen

18. Pathways to change Day 2, Informing Changes Making it happen – Highlighting actual performance Key target audienceWhat’s needed, to make it happen FM team Need to understand the performance gap, size and shape, the opportunities (costs and benefits) to reduce it Senior support for action, an agreed plan Engagement and co-operation of other stakeholders Design team Need to understand the actual performance of real buildings, to help reduce and refine assumptions and improve the design process Occupants Understand the case for action (with Senior support) Need clarity on what their role is in improving performance, what they need to do, how they can do it and ideally feedback on progress. Clients Need to see the (business) case for action, existing and new build Need to factor learning into future targets for new build and retrofit To support action to change, an agreed plan dfoc

19. Pathways to change Day 2, Informing Changes Making it happen – hours of operation Key target audienceWhat’s needed, to make it happen FM team A building occupancy profile (area, day of week, time of day) - regularly reviewed with occupants Compare and optimise plant operation schedules. Regular communication with building users (Room booking systems – linked to control settings?) Design team Schedule of actual building occupancy and hours of operation to feed into design models (assumptions) Occupants Need information about the hours of operation of key plant. System to notify FM of requirements to change (May need additional ‘extension’ controls) dfo

20. Pathways to change Day 2, Informing Changes Making it happen – hours of operation Include area specific occupancy details List main equipment and record times of operation Compare and adjust in line with occupation

21. Pathways to change Day 2, Informing Changes Re-commissioning of store set points and operating hours to match occupancy (saved 7-11%)

22. Pathways to change Day 2, Informing Changes Making it happen - controls Key target audienceWhat’s needed, to make it happen Occupants Clear, simple, intuitive controls Clear instructions and signage Training and demonstration Simple building user guide Need automatic controls to operate unobtrusively Design team Feedback on whether the control strategy is working Details of the key requirements which must be specified moving forwards e.g. specific equipment FM team Carry out a controls audit to determine and map who controls which energy uses and the size of the uses. Review ‘usability’ of the controls for different users, develop appropriate information to improve. odf

23. Pathways to change Day 2, Informing Changes

24. Pathways to change Day 2, Informing Changes Making it happen – BMS Key target audienceWhat’s needed, to make it happen Design team Full specification of requirements in terms of technology and management of install, commissioning and handover. Build team Need to appoint an individual responsible for co- ordinating the different sub-contractors working on the BMS at an early stage. FM team Need a full BMS demonstration and (timely) training, identify storage capacity of BMS and establish a procedure e.g. data storage off-site. Need to understand the control strategy. Consider re-commissioning of BMS, to optimise. Check meter calibration and data quality Occupants Clear information about what they do / don’t control dfob

25. Pathways to change Day 2, Informing Changes 201 Bishopsgate Using BMS and sub metering, contractors found issues leading to a reduction of 20% of the building electricity consumption

26. Pathways to change Day 2, Informing Changes Making it happen – Commissioning and handover Key target audienceWhat’s needed, to make it happen Design team Procedures built into contract specification Specify the appointment of an independent commissioning engineer FM team Input to design / specification Involvement in commissioning and handover Regular e.g. seasonal commissioning e.g. heating, lighting to maintain optimal performance Build team Commissioning integrated into the building process Planned and timely commissioning and handover Occupants Builder Users Guides – based upon occupants needs, including understanding how the building and systems work dfob

27. Pathways to change Day 2, Informing Changes Making it happen – hours of operation John Lewis Partnership Re-commissioning of HVAC and controls (~10% savings)

28. Pathways to change Day 2, Informing Changes Making it happen – Sub metering Key target audienceWhat’s needed, to make it happen Design team Metering and monitoring strategy describing what is being metered and energy breakdown at the outset Metering system commissioning and handover responsibilities defined Need feedback on the ‘actual’ sub metered performance of plant and building areas, to refine design assumptions FM team Need a process to gather and check sub metered data Need to check meter calibration and data quality Need to carry out a metering reconciliation Build team Need to understand the costs associated with setting up complex metering systems Occupants Need accurate, quantified feedback on performance e.g. sub metered impact of behaviour dfob

29. Pathways to change Day 2, Informing Changes Building Energy Metering CIBSE TM39 Making it happen – Sub metering What’s in it?

30. Pathways to change Day 2, Informing Changes Making it happen – Fabric performance Key target audienceWhat they need to make it happen Design team Need to provide detailed specifications particularly around joints Need to mark the air barrier on all drawings Feedback on fabric performance testing results Air tightness testing target written into main contract Build team Need to be clearly aware of the air barrier and processes to check the barrier at each build step Appoint an air tightness champion on site FM team For existing buildings with fabric or space heating (underfloor) problems, consider thermography. For retrofit,testing can be used before and after Occupants Need the opportunity to feedback comfort issues dfob

31. Pathways to change Day 2, Informing Changes Making it happen – Fabric performance

32. Pathways to change Day 2, Informing Changes Making it happen – Renewables & Innovative Systems Key target audienceWhat’s needed, to make it happen Design team Need to specify tried-and-tested systems, installed by individuals who have done a good job before Design needs to be kept simple, challenge complexity Need to understand the full costs and practicalities, how complex solutions will be controlled, operated and maintained. Strategy in place for correct set-up of controls and metering Build in a long period of commissioning, include specialists Clear responsibility and Building User Guides FM team Needs training and guidance in the services / integration, controls, operation, metering and maintenance Need to check metering of renewable systems (installed / correctly, functioning) Occupants Need training and guidance to communicate the aspirations of the building and how to effectively interact with it. dfo

33. Pathways to change Day 2, Informing Changes Retain specialist suppliers in the commissioning and integration Biomass - Design and operation issues Flue height Hopper size Noise Ignition system Boiler bricks First year 30%

34. Pathways to change Day 2, Informing Changes Exercise 2

35. Pathways to change Day 2, Informing Changes Exercise 2 (20 minutes) Discuss in pairs (10 minutes), respond (10 minutes) Using the top 3 interventions needed in your building to improve performance and the key people who can make them happen, what do these people need, in order to deliver the intervention and embed change? Key intervention areaWho controls the success / failure What’s needed, to make it happen From Exercise 1 What do they need, to make it happen?

36. Pathways to change Day 2, Informing Changes Discussion