1. Institutional Archives for Research: Experiences and Projects in Open Access ISS, Roma 30 Nov.-1 Dec 2006 Access to Scientific Knowledge: The Relationship Between Society and Science Adriana Valente Science Communication and Education National Research Council, Institute of Research on Population and Social Policies adriana.valente@irpps.cnr.it

2. Science Must be Communicated…  …but is it possible to participate in the scientific debate? Yes, of course! …is science social or antisocial?

3. Participating in Science: Being an Object of an Announcement

4. I agree Not very much Not at all Don’t know It is right that scientists be indipendent and responsible for choosing the topics and methods of research M51,934,88,15,2 F51,134,47,47,2 It is right to share scientific results universally M 79,5 11,93,25,5 F 77,9 12,92,56,7 It is right that research be commissioned according to specific market requirements M22,238,433,36,1 F17,739,132,810,4 It is right that researchers receive economic benefits from the patents resulting from their work M42,525,012,220,4 F35,725,011,927,5 It is right that developing countries have full access to research and its results M 76,9 12,94,45,9 F 75,8 13,44,56,3 Source: CNR surveys 2004- 2005- 2006 Ethics and Polemics

5. A. In order to proceed with their objectives, scientists must also communicate outcomes to society. Agree with A Agree with B Agree with b oth 86,3 7,6 6,0 Demand for the Engagement of Scientists in Science Communication Source: IRPPS-CNR survey - Giovani e Scienza, 2004 In A. Valente, M. C. Brandi, L. Cerbara, M. Misiti, Youth and Science in Italy: between enthusiasm and indifference, Journal of Science Communication (Jcom), giugno 2005, vol. 4 (2). http://jcom.sissa.it/archive/04/02Youth and Science in Italy: between enthusiasm and indifferencehttp://jcom.sissa.it/archive/04/02 B. Scientific research must continue; scientists are not responsible for communicating outcomes to society

6. Who should take part in the decision-making process on the use of S&T applications? OgmElectrosmogSpace MFMFMF Directly involves scientists414740395262 Scientific community141432381413 Politicians (gov. and parl.)532344 Producer/patent-holder(ind.)033024 Citizens231611984 Bioethics committees082244 Environmental groups536954 Consumers/users groups463242 Other groups 400033 Non-Gov. Organizations400031 Source: CNR surveys 2004- 2005- 2006 In A.Valente(ed.), Science, from specialists to students and back again, Biblink 2006

7. Common Model of Interaction Between Science and Society..I give you references and evidences, you must be convinced

8. ..why they don’t understand us We are communicating…

9. Some of the Main Problems in the Public Communication of “In Progress Science” considering “in progress science,” must experts be an expert of all aspects involved? does the citation system represent an effective way to cope with the complexity of the different points of view of science? do non specialistic sources and textbooks accurately represent “in progress science,” and do they stress that there are different points of view on the subject? the speed of scientific development: a resource, a problem…

10. Three Main Issues in Gathering Scientific Documentation for Public Communication of “In Progress Science:” “open” access (interoperability and free access) easy-to-understand language different points of view …but answers to these questions may be different and not go in the same direction…

11. different points of view A. within the scientific community B. at interspecialistic level (interdisciplinary) C. contextual knowledge (bottom-up) D. enlargement of participation in the creation of collective wisdom A.Depending on the evolution of peer review and evaluation methods B.May facilitate. but also Garfield: “a multi disciplinary, cover-to-cover index to eliminate the uncertanties of the selective discipline oriented services” C.Generally not considered D.May be counterproductive: from a problem of cultural egemony to a problem of costs? Or both?

12. In conclusion, it would not be so bad for Gregorio Magno to be distracted by the world