1. Chemistry concepts

2. Chemical: Any substance that has a definite composition Is dinitrotoluene a chemical? Is water a chemical? Is salt a chemical?

3. Chemical reaction Process where one or more substances change to produce new substances

4. Matter: Anything that has mass and takes up space

5. Mass: The amount of matter in an object Weight: A measure of the gravitational force exerted on an object

6. Volume: How much space something takes up.

7. States of matter: Solid: Has a fixed volume and shape Molecules are closely packed and vibrate (Brownian motion) Liquid: Has a definite volume, no fixed shape Molecules spread apart and move past one another Gas: Has no fixed volume. Will occupy any given area. Molecules are far apart and move rapidly.

9. Solids and gases can be compressed, not liquids.

10. Physical property: Characteristics of a property, such as State of matter Mass Volume Density Color Odor Taste Temperature

11. Melting point—solid to liquid Boiling point—liquid to gas Freezing point—liquid to solid Sublimation—solid to gas

12. Malleability Flexible or stiff (rigid) Clarity Transparent, translucent, opaque

13. Viscosity Viscous or runny Ductility and compressaibility Ductile=able to be stretched into thin wires

14. Conductivity—electrical or temperature Luster—shiny or dull

15. Solubility—ability to be dissolved Soluble=can dissolve Insoluble=cannot dissolve

16. Intensive property: Does NOT depend on amount of substance Color Density Temperature Melting point, boiling point Extensive property: Does depend on amount of substance Mass Volume Heat capacity

17. Chemical properties If and how a substance reacts with other substances, such as Oxygen Water Acid Light Combustability

18. How does matter change? Can be physical or chemical

19. Physical change: Change in state of matter Chemical properties stay the same No bonds are broken

20. Examples of physical changes: Change in state of matter Evaporation Vaporization Dissolving Melting

21. …and of course if you rip something, compress something, change shape.

22. Chemical change Bonds are broken Substances change into new substances Original properties are changed or lost

24. Indicators that a chemical change (reaction) has occurred: New substances are formed: New color change New gas is produced Odor produced Precipitate—solid that is produced when 2 liquids are mixed Energy is released: Temperature change Light is given off Sound produced electricity