1. Properties of Matter

2. Look but don’t touch!  A physical property is any characteristic of a material that you can observe without changing the identity of the substance. Color Size Shape Density Melting point Boiling point  When you describe the appearance of an object, you are describing/measuring the physical properties of that object.

3. Behavioral Issues  Some physical properties help to describe the behavior of a material. Magnetism Conductivity Viscosity Density

4. Don’t make me separate you!  We can take advantage of physical properties to separate a specific material from a mixture.  How would you separate a mixture of sunflower seeds and poppy seeds?  How would you separate a mixture of metal shavings and saw dust?  How would you separate dirt from mud?  How would you separate alcohol from wine?

5. Don’t lose your identity!  When a material freezes, boils, evaporates, or condenses, it undergoes a physical change.  These physical changes can mean a change in size, shape or state of matter.  What are the states of matter? Solid Liquid Gas Plasma These changes may involve a change in energy, but the kind of substance or identity of the element or compound does NOT change.

6. I said, don’t make me separate you!  Distillation is the process of separating a substance from a mixture through the use of evaporation and re-condensation.  If a mixture has two different liquids with different boiling points, one liquid can be removed from the other by heating the mixture.  The liquid with the lower boiling point will evaporate, leaving the second liquid behind.  Distillation is used in the extraction of oils from plants and in the liquor industry.

7. Physical Changes can be reversed!  Ice melts into liquid water and can be re-frozen. Melting & Freezing  Liquid water can be boiled into steam and can condensed back to liquid water. Evaporation & Condensation  Dry Ice can sublimate from solid to carbon dioxide gas and deposit back to dry ice. Sublimation & Deposition

8. Chemical Properties and Changes  A chemical property is a characteristic of a substance that indicates whether it will undergo a chemical change. Flammable Corrosive Oxidizer Photosensitive

9. Chemical Changes  A chemical change occurs when one substance changes into another substance. Elements will NOT change into other elements!!! ○ This is called alchemy! It is possible for one compound to change into another compound. ○ This is called chemistry! Nicolas Flamel

10. Ugh, what’s that smell?  Indicators that a chemical change has occurred: A change in smell The release of a gas or vapor A change in color A change in temperature The formation of a precipitate  Of course the only true way to know that a chemical change has occurred is when a new substance is produced. The Bog of Eternal Stench! Evidence of Chemical Changes

11. Okay you two, separate!  We can also use chemical changes to separate materials.  Many businesses involved in mining, will use chemicals reactions to separate metals from the ore that they are trapped in.  These chemical reactions involve chemical changes that separate the metal from the rock.

12. Chemical Changes CANNOT be reversed

13. Physical and Chemical Changes in Nature  Our great planet creates many different weather conditions.  Some of these weathering effects cause physical changes to the Earth’s surface.  Other weathering effects cause chemical changes to the Earth’s surface.  What examples of each can you think of?

14. Keep track of your Mass!  The law of conservation of mass, states that matter cannot be created or destroyed. It simply exists.  It can be rearranged or moved around.  This means that the mass involved in any kind of physical change or chemical change MUST be conserved. Mass Before Change = Mass After Change

15. Let’s review!  The following are examples of Physical and Chemical changes. Use what you have learned to tell what kind of change is occurring in each.

16. Examples 1. A wood log burns in a fireplace and turns to smoke and ash. 2. An ice cube is dropped into a hot fry pan where it flash evaporates. 3. Salt is dissolved into water. 4. Sugar is dissolved into water. 5. Little Suzy uses a boxed cake mix with water, eggs and oil to bake a cake. 6. Little Johnny dissolves a nail in acid. 7. Rain water flows through a valley carving away rock and soil. 8. Rain water soaks through the soil and dissolves limestone deposits to create a cave. 9. Lighting a candle. 10. Rust on a car.

17. Great Job!  Now we will work on a concept comparison routine!