1. Introduction to Matter

2. Matter: HAS MASS AND VOLUME Anything that has mass and occupies space
CHEMISTRY IS THE STUDY OF MATTER
THE PROPERTIES OF DIFFERENT TYPES OF MATTER
The way matter changes and behaves when influenced by other matter and/or energy

3. STATES OF MATTER STATE DEFINITION EXAMPLES SOLID
RIGID: HAS A FIXED SHAPE AND VOLUME
ICE CUBE, DIAMOND, IRON BAR
LIQUID
HAS A DEFINITTE VOLUME BUT TAKES THE SHAPE OF ITS CONTAINER
GASOLINE, WATER, BLOOD, KOOL-AIDE
GAS
HAS NO FIXED VOLUME OR SHAPE: IT TAKES THE SHAPE AND VOLUME OF ITS CONTAINER
AIR, HELIUM, OXYGEN

4. Characteristic properties
Characteristic properties properties that are true for a type of matter the size These properties never change

5. Physical properties
The inherent characteristics of matter that are directly observable
Color
Melting point: the temperature when a solid turns to a liquid
Boiling point: the temperature at which a liquid turns to a gas

6. Chemical properties
The characteristics of matter that allow it to form a new substance
Combustion
Ability to burn
Corrosion
rusting

7. Classify each of the following as a physical or chemical property
Ethyl alcohol boiling at 78 *C
Hardness of a diamond.
The color of soil.
Sugar fermenting to form ethyl alcohol

8. Changes in matter
Physical change: changes to matter that do not result in a change to the inherent make-up of the substance
Changing states: boiling, melting, condensation, evaporation, sublimation
Chemical change: changes that involve a change in the fundamental components of the substance. New substance formed
Chemical reactions formed

9. Phase changes State to state Heat added or removed MELTING
SOLID TO LIQUID
ADD
FREEZING
LIQUID TO SOLID
REMOVE
BOILING
LIQUID TO GAS
CONDENSATION
GAS TO LIQUID
EVAPORATION
(AT SURFACE ONLY)
VAPORIZATION
(THROUGHOUT ENTIRE SUBSTANCE)
SUBLIMATION
SOLID TO GAS
(WITHOUT BECOMING A LIQUID)

10. CLASSIFY EACH OF THE FOLLOWING AS A PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL CHANGE
IRON METAL MELTING
IRON COMBINING WITH OXYGEN TO FORM RUST
SUGAR FERMENTING TO FORM ETHYL ALCOHOL

11. CLASSIFICATION OF MATTER
MIXTURE
PURE SUBTANCE
HOMOGENEOUS
HETEROGENEOUS
ELEMENTS
COMPOUNDS

12. HOMOGENEOUS MATTER Uniform composition throughout the substance
ALL PURE SUBSTANCES
SOLUTIONS: well mixed mixture
Solvent: the substance in which something is dissolved
Solute : The substance which is dissolved

13. Heterogeneous mixture
Non-uniform: contains regions with different properties than other regions

14. Pure substances
All samples have the same physical and chemical properties
Constant composition
They are homogeneous
Elements and compounds examples

15. Elements and compounds
Elements: substances that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by chemical reactions
Most substances are chemical combinations of elements. These combinations are called compounds.
Compounds are made of elements
Compounds can be broken down into elements

16. mixtures Different samples may show different properties
Variable composition
Homogeneous or heterogeneous
Separate into components based on physical properties
All mixtures are made of pure substances

17. solutions A solution is a homogeneous mixture
Phase can be gaseous, liquid, or solid

18. Identify each of the following as a pure substance, homogeneous or heterogenous mixture
Gasoline
A stream with gravel on the bottom
Copper metal