2. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Managing Your Money

3. 4B Activity Review Go through Iteration Formula FV function Discussion 1. What would be another way to calculate interest rather than just adding up the individual interest amounts 2. What percentage of the balance is the interest and what percent is the principal? Do these percentages change if you modify the principal or APR? How? 3. What are some of the pros and cons to each of the three methods you have used? 4. Which of the three methods is your favorite way to calculate the balance and why? 5. What impressions or insights have you gained from this exercise?

4. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Slide 4-4 Unit 4C Savings Plans and Investments

5. Suppose you want to save money… You could deposit a lump sum of money today and let it grow through the power of compound interest. Most people deposit smaller amounts on a regular basis. Long term saving plans are so popular that many have special names, some even get special tax treatment: IRA (individual retirement accounts), 401(k) plans, Keogh plans, and employee pension plans. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Slide 4-5

6. 4-C Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Slide 4-6 A = accumulated savings plan balance PMT = regular payment (deposit) amount APR = annual percentage rate (as a decimal) n = number of payment periods per year Y = number of years Savings Plan Formula (Regular Payments)

7. 4-C Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Slide 4-7 Definitions An annuity is any series of equal, regular payments. An ordinary annuity is a savings plan in which payments are made at the end of each month. An annuity due is a plan in which payments are made at the beginning of each period. The future value of an annuity is the accumulated amount at some future date. The present value of a savings plan is a lump sum deposit that would give the same end result as regular payments into the plan.

8. 4-C Using the Savings Plan Formula CN (1) Use the savings plan formula to calculate the balance after 6 months for an APR of 12% and monthly payments of $100. 1. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Slide 4-8

9. 4-C Retirement Plan CN (2) At age 30, Michelle starts and IRA to save for retirement. 2. She deposits $100 at the end of each month. If she can count on an APR of 6%, how much will she have when she retires 35 years later at age 65? Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Slide 4-9

10. 4-C Planning Ahead with Savings Plans For planning ahead, the important questions is this: Given a financial goal (the total amount A after a certain number years), what regular payments are needed to reach the goal? Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Slide 4-10

11. 4-C College Savings Plan at 3% CN (3) You want to build a $100,000 college fun in 18 years by making regular, end of month deposits. 3. Assuming an APR of 3%, calculate how much you should deposit monthly. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Slide 4-11

12. 4-C A comfortable retirement CN (4-5) You would like to retire 25 years from now, and you would like to have a retirement fund from which you can draw an income of $50,000 per year—forever! 4. How can you do it? 5. Assume a constant APR of 7% Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Slide 4-12

13. 4-C Part 2 We are now starting part 2 Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Slide 4-13

14. 4-C Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Slide 4-14 Total Return Consider an investment that grows from an original principal P to a later accumulated balance A. The total return is the relative change in the investment value:

15. 4-C Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Slide 4-15 Annual Return Consider an investment that grows from an original principal P to a later accumulated balance A in Y years. The annual return is the annual percentage yield (APY) that would give the same overall growth.

16. 4-C Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Slide 4-16 Total Return Example: Suppose that you decided to invest in some real estate property in the year 2004. The amount of your original investment is $27,500. In the year 2013 you decide to sell and receive $43,400 for the property. What is your total return percentage?

17. 4-C Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Slide 4-17 Annual Return Example: Suppose that you decided to invest in some real estate property in the year 2004. The amount of your original investment is $27,500. In the year 2013 you decide to sell and receive $43,400 for the property. What is your annual return percentage?

18. 4-C Mutual Fund Gain CN (1) You invest $3000 in the Clearwater mutual fund. Over 4 years, your investment grow in value to $8400. 1. What are your total and annual returns for the 4 year period? Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Slide 4-18

19. 4-C Investment loss CN (2) You purchased shares in NewWeb.com for $2000. Three years later, you sold them for $1100. 2. What were your total return and annual return on this investment? Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Slide 4-19

20. 4-C Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Slide 4-20 Types of Investments Invest some principal amount to purchase the stock. The only way to get your money out is to sell the stock. Stock prices change with time, so the sale may give you either a gain or a loss on your original investment. Stock (or equity) gives you a share of ownership in a company.

21. 4-C Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Slide 4-21 Types of Investments Buy a bond by paying some principal amount to the issuing government or corporation. The issuer pays you simple interest (as opposed to compound interest). The issuer promises to pay back your principal at some later date. A bond (or debt) represents a promise of future cash.

22. 4-C Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Slide 4-22 Types of Investments Money you deposit into bank accounts Certificates of deposit (CD) U.S. Treasury bills Cash investments generally earn interest and include the following:

23. 4-C Investing…. There are two basic ways to invest in any of these categories. First – invest directly, which means buying individual investments yourself. Second – invest indirectly, which means you can purchase shares in a mutual fund, where a professional fund manager invests your money. Stock mutual funds - in stocks. Bond mutual funds – in bonds Money market funds – in cash Diversified funds – in a mixture of stocks, bonds and cash. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Slide 4-23

24. 4-C Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Slide 4-24 Investment Considerations Liquidity: How difficult is it to take out your money? Risk: Is your investment principal at risk? Return: How much return (total or annual) can you expect on your investment?

25. 4-C Most Difficult One of the most difficult tasks of investing is trying to balance risk and return. Financial Analysts look at historical trends by using an index that describes the overall performance of some category of investment. Best known index is Dow Jones Industrial Average – it reflects the prices of the stocks of 30 large companies. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Slide 4-25

26. 4-C Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Slide 4-26 Stock Market Trends

27. 4-C Historical Returns CN (3) Suppose your great-great grandmother invested $100 at the end of 1900 in each of three funds that tracked the averages of stocks, bonds, and cash, respectively. 3. Assuming that her investments grew at the rates given in table 4.6, approximately how much would each investment have been worth more or less today? Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Slide 4-27

28. 4-C Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Slide 4-28 In general, there are two ways to make money on stocks: Financial Data—Stocks 1.Sell a stock for more than you paid for it, in which case you have a capital gain on the sale of the stock. 2.Make money while you own the stock if the corporation distributes part or all of its profits to stockholders as dividends.

29. 4-C Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Slide 4-29 The Financial Pages

30. 4-C Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Slide 4-30 NYSE Composite Transactions

31. 4-C Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Slide 4-31 Bonds are issued with three main characteristics: Financial Data—Bonds p.240 1.The face value (or par value) is the price you must pay the issuer to buy the bond. 2.The coupon rate of the bond is the simple interest rate that the issuer promises to pay. 3.The maturity date is the date on which the issuer promises to repay the face value of the bond.

32. 4-C Bond Interest CN (4) The closing price of a US Treasury bond with a face value of $1000 is quoted as 105.97 points, for a current yield of 3.7%. 4. If you buy this bond, how much annual interest will you receive? Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Slide 4-32

33. 4-C Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Slide 4-33 Financial Data—Mutual Funds p.242 When comparing mutual funds, the most important factors are the following: 1.The fees charged for investing (not shown on most mutual fund tables) 2.Measures of how well the manager is doing with the fund’s money Note: Past performance is no guarantee of future results.

34. 4-C Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Slide 4-34 Mutual Fund Quotations

35. 4-C Understanding the Mutual Fund Quote CN (5-6) Answer the following questions based on the Vanguard 500 mutual fund quote shown in Figure 4.7. Suppose you decide to invest $3000 in this fund today. 5. How many shares will you be able to buy? Suppose you invested $3000 in this fund 3 years ago. 6. How much would your investment be worth now? Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Slide 4-35

36. 4-C Homework 4C part 2: P.244:4-8, 11-14, 1 web, 1 world, 1 technology, CN 1-6 Web Investment Tracking Dow Jones Industrial Average Company Research Financial Web Sites Other Averages Online Brokers World Advertised Investment Financial Pages Personal Investment Options Technology Savings Plan Formula with Excel Computing Roots Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Slide 4-36