1. Borders and Powers

2. Vocabulary Complete the circle maps on the front page of your notes packet. The dictionary definition of the words are on the following slide.

3. Political power – power to control or force behavior. Political region – area that a government controls. Borders – boundaries between the countries.

4. Levels of Government Each country usually has several levels of government such as cities, counties, states (provinces). This creates overlapping governments. For example…In Houston, Texas citizens belong to o The city government o The county government – Harris County o The state government o The national government Which government trumps all the others? o National Government

5. BORDERS Sovereign government – is not subject to any higher governmental authority. Who decides where the borders are for each country? o Physical features are the first step o But boundaries are often the product of historical circumstances or political agreements.

6. United States Boundaries Eastern border – set by geography…the Atlantic Ocean. Western border continually shifted. On your map in your notes color it the following way. oColor the Original 13 States – RED oColor the United States addition due to the Treaty of Paris in 1783 – Blue oColor the Louisiana Purchase in which they bought Louisiana from France – Yellow oColor the Florida Cession in which the United States bought Florida from Spain –Green oColor the territory ceded by Great Britain – Orange oColor the Annexation of Texas – PURPLE oColor the Oregon Territory – Brown oColor the territories gained in the Mexican Cession – Pink o Color the territories gained in the Webster- Ashburton Treaty – Black o Color the Gadsden Purchase of 1853 - Teal

8. MEXICO Between 1800 and 300 BCE Mexico was home to several Mesoamerican civilizations o Olmecs o Teotihuacans o Mayas o Toltecs o Aztecs In the early 1500s Hernan Cortes, a Spanish explorer, led a small army of conquistadors to conquer the ruling Aztec civilization. o The territory was named New Spain. o It was colonized and became a part of the Spanish Empire.

9. MEXICO 1821 – Mexico received its independence from Spain Texas broke free from Mexico in 1836. 1846 – Border dispute between the United States and Mexico led to war and Mexico surrendered nearly half of its land to the United States, including California and New Mexico. 1854 – United States purchased parts of Arizona and New Mexico, known as the Gadsden Purchase.

10. Pre-Colombian Mexico

11. New Spain 1786 - 1821

12. Vice Royalty of New Spain 1824

13. Mexico Today

14. Europe Some countries lack good natural borders. Historical events have changed the borders and names of some countries. o World War I and II o Franco-Prussian War