1. Workshop on ITER Simulation, Beijing, 2006 KuaFu Team Various Insitituions C.Y. Tu, S.Y. Fu Institute of Space Physics and Applied Technology School of Earth and Space Sciences Peking University KuaFu Mission Solar Storm, Aurora and Space Weather Explorer

2. Workshop on ITER Simulation, Beijing, 2006 Milestones of KuaFu  Jan. 2003---- First proposed by Prof. Chuanyi Tu  Sep. 2003---- Mission is named “KuaFu”  ……… Presented in many conferences and meetings  Sep. 2004---- Supported by CNSF for concept study  Dec. 2004---- First group meeting, Frankfurt, Germany  Dec. 2004---- Listed in the ILWS-missions  May 2005---- First international workshop on KuaFu, Beijing.  Sep. 2005---- Selected as the potential space mission by CNSA.  Jan. 2006---- First science working group meeting in MPS, Lindau, Germany

3. Workshop on ITER Simulation, Beijing, 2006 General Concept Developing Group Chuan-Yi Tu Peking University, Beijing, China Yong-Wei Zhang DFH Satellite Co. LTD, Beijing, China Jing-Song Wang Peking University, Beijing, China （ China Meteorological Administration ） Li-Dong Xia U. Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China Rainer Schwenn MPS, Lindau, Germany Eric Donovan University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada Eckart Marsch MPS, Lindau, Germany Zuo Xiao Peking University, Beijing, China Feng-Si Wei Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China

4. Workshop on ITER Simulation, Beijing, 2006 Space Weather

5. Workshop on ITER Simulation, Beijing, 2006 Our Beautiful Sun

6. Workshop on ITER Simulation, Beijing, 2006 Interaction with the Earth

7. Workshop on ITER Simulation, Beijing, 2006 Sun-Earth System Exploration 1. The first step is to find the composition of the Sun- Earth system. Photosphere, corona, solar wind, magnetic cloud, bow shock, magnetopause, plasma sheet, etc. This cartography is largely done. 2. The second step is to observe the correlations and interactions between two phenomena, between CME and Flare, magnetic cloud and sub-storm, et al. 3. The third step is to explore the complex global behavior. The space storms, such as CMEs and sub-storm and magnetic storms are all multiscale phenomena, i.e., interactions occur simultaneously on several distinct scales. KuaFu Mission concentrates on exploring the complex global behavior of the Sun- Earth system

8. Workshop on ITER Simulation, Beijing, 2006 ‘Bastille Day’ event in the year of 2000 Chain of solar terrestrial disturbance

9. Workshop on ITER Simulation, Beijing, 2006 dimming blast wave flare eruption SOHO/EIT  Possible Precursors of CME  What are the real prosses between these precursors and CMEs?  How does CMEs propergate in the interplanetary space?  What is the geo- effect of CMEs? Can we forcast the space weather?

10. Workshop on ITER Simulation, Beijing, 2006 L1 + Polar Triple Spacecraft Project

11. Workshop on ITER Simulation, Beijing, 2006 To observe continually the complete chain of actions/reactions from the solar atmosphere to geo-space : Solar Source of the disturbances Solar flares, CMEs, Energetic particles Transportation of the disturbances interplanetary clouds, radio waves, shock waves, solar energetic particles Geo-effectiveness aurora activities, sub-storms, magnetic storms, Space Weather Science O bjectives

12. Workshop on ITER Simulation, Beijing, 2006 Solar Science Objectives How is the mass supplied to CMEs? How is the mass supplied to the solar wind? How is the mass supplied from the cromosphere to the corona? What are the precursors of CMEs? How is the relation between flares and CMEs? How are the CMEs accelerated? How the mass losses from the corona?

13. Workshop on ITER Simulation, Beijing, 2006 1.How does the central plasma sheet (CPS) feeds particles into the ring current? What is the role of sub-storms in storms? 2.Pole-ward boundary intensifications (PBIs) simultaneously in the conjugate hemispheres will give information on time and location of reconnection and also the rates and the associated plasma flows. 3. The energy flux of electrons and protons can be obtained. The source/sink monitoring by KuaFu allows quantitative assessment of geo-effectiveness that is otherwise impossible. 4. KuaFu B integrated imaging provides a natural way to test our modeling capabilities in geo-space science. Geo-space Science Objectives

14. Workshop on ITER Simulation, Beijing, 2006 Imaging the Source region Solar EUV emission (195A) Lyman-alpha Disc imager up to 1.1Rs Tracing the CMEs, etc Lyman-alpha coronagraph 1.1-2.5 Rs White light coronagraph 2.5-15 Rs Radio wave measurement (1Rs-L1) In situ Local plasma and magnetic field (L1) High energy particles (L1) KuaFu-A

15. Workshop on ITER Simulation, Beijing, 2006 Lyman-alpha coronagraph 1.1-2.5 Rs Lyman-alpha Disc imager up to 1.1Rs White light coronagraph 2.5-15 Rs A LASCO C2 "running difference" image showing a "halo" CME blast beginning its journey towards Earth on 7 April 1997

16. Workshop on ITER Simulation, Beijing, 2006 Basic Concept of KuaFu-B

17. Workshop on ITER Simulation, Beijing, 2006 Imager 1. UV imagers (primarily electron aurora) 24 hours. 2. Lyman-alpha imaging spectrograph (24 hours) 3. Wide FOV perigee imager for conjugate (perigee) imaging. 4. Energetic Neutral Atoms (ENA) imager for ring current observations (24 hours). In situ 5. Fluxgate Magnetometer ( FGM). 6. High energy proton observations (HEPS) 7. Plasma Spectrometer (FPI/IMS) KuaFu-B

18. Workshop on ITER Simulation, Beijing, 2006

19. The complete chain of disturbance from the solar atmosphere to the geo-space Lyman α Coronagraph White Light Coronagraph Radio Wave measurement MF, Plasma High energy particle Auroral image 24 hours/day Ionosphere Auroral image conjugate Ground base Auroral measurement Disk Lyman α chromosphere Disk 195Ǻ corona Phenomena Filament eruptions FlaresCMEsShock waves M. Clouds Substorm PBS Storm New science objectives : Precursor of Eruption Origin and development of flares and CMEs 3D geometry expansion of CMEs (synthesized with Solar Orbitor and Sentinels) Tail Reconnection Energy sink during storm and substorm Energetic Neutron Atom (ENA) 24 hours Kuafu A Kuafu B1 Kuafu B2 15 Rs2.5 Rs

20. Workshop on ITER Simulation, Beijing, 2006

21. Possible Synergic Observations with 14 Satellites

22. Workshop on ITER Simulation, Beijing, 2006 Review of the Assessment Report The overall mission report achieved a simple average score of 3.3 out of a maximum of 4.0. (4 – excellent, 3 – very good)--- William Liu(Chair ILWS Steering Committee)

23. Workshop on ITER Simulation, Beijing, 2006 Endorsement for KuaFu Payload "The SSWG ( Solar System Working Group, ESA ) found the described mission concept is good and noted a widespread interest within the relevant scientific community in Europe. The SSWG therefore endorses payload participation by national agencies in this mission … ------ Prof. Dr. Robert F. Wimmer-Schweingruber, University of Kiel

24. Workshop on ITER Simulation, Beijing, 2006 Payload of KuaFu-A (updated in Jan. 2006) InstrumentMass (kg) PIs EUV/FUV disk imager (EDI), including a Lyman-alpha disk imager Polarimeter 25 2 P. Rochus (Belgium) U. Schühle （ Germany ） Coronal Dynamics Imager (CDI), including a Lyman-alpha coronagraph 45 P. Lamy （ France ） Radio Burst Instrument (RBI)11 J.-L. Bougeret （ France) Solar Wind Instrument Package (SWIP)6767 R. Schwenn K.-H. Glassmeier(Germany) C.M. Carr （ UK) Solar Energetic Particle Sensor(SEPS)6.5 R. Wimmer-Schweingruber （ Germany ） S.-J. Wang (China ） Hard X-Ray and Gamma-Ray Spectrometer(HXGR)4.5 G.-W. Qun （ China ） Solar Irradiance Measurement (SIM)13 D.-R. Lü （ China ） W. Schmutz （ Swithzland ） Multi-Order Solar EUV Spectrograph (MOSES)10 L. Harra （ UK ） Total130

25. Workshop on ITER Simulation, Beijing, 2006 L.-D. XiaUniversity of Science and Technology of China (Convener) R. Schwenn Max Planck Institute for Solar System Research, Germany E. Marsch Max Planck Institute for Solar System Research, Germany P. Rochus University of Liege, Belgium P. Lamy Laboratoire d'Astrphysique de Marseille, France J.-L. Bougeret Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, France U. Schühle Max Planck Institute for Solar System Research, Germany R. Wimmer-Schweingruber Kiel University, Germany K.-H. Glassmeier Braunschweig University, Germany C. M. CarrImperial College London, United Kindom W.-Q. GanChinese Academy of Sciences, China J. ChangChinese Academy of Sciences, China S.-J.WangChinese Academy of Sciences, China KuaFu-A Group

26. Workshop on ITER Simulation, Beijing, 2006 InstrumentMass(kg)Power(W)ProposalPI Far Ultraviolet Auroral Monitoring Camera (UVAMC) 2111 Canada E. Donovan T. S. Trondsen FUV Imaging Spectrometer (FUVSI) 204.4 BelgiumC. Jamar Wide Field Auroral Imager (WFAI) 1.510 UKM. Lester Fluxgate Magnetometer (FGM) 34.25 AustriaT.-L. Zhang High Energy Charged Particle Experiment(HECPE) 34 ChinaH. F. Chen Medium-Energy Particle Imager (IEPS) 5.64.5 UK/China M. Dunlop/H.F. Chen Neutral Atom Imager on KuaFu (NAIK) 64 Ireland/Chi na S. McKenna- Lawlor Fast Plasma Pitch angle Anylazer (FPI) 610UKA. Fazakerley Ion Mass Spectrometer(IMS) 3.52.5FranceH. Reme Tri-Band Beacon (TBB) 3.51ChinaJ. Wu Total 73~56 Payload of KuaFu-B (updated in Jan. 2006)

27. Workshop on ITER Simulation, Beijing, 2006 KuaFu-B Group Jing-Song Wang Peking University, China (Convener) E. Donovan University of Calgary, Canada Trond S. Trondsen University of Calgary, Canada M. Lester Leicester University, United Kindom T. –L. Zhang Austrian Academy of Sciences, Austria S. McKenna-Lawlor National University of Ireland, Ireland M. Dunlop Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, United Kindom C. Jamar University of Liege, Belgium S.-Y. Fu Peking University, China H.-F. Chen Peking University, China L. Xie Peking University, China J. Wu China Research Institute of Radiowave Propagation, China D.-H. Zhang Peking University, China

28. Workshop on ITER Simulation, Beijing, 2006 Where are we now?  The "comprehensive review" of the KuaFu project supported by CNSA started beginning 2006  ……  Launch in 2012 ( SolarMax)

29. Workshop on ITER Simulation, Beijing, 2006 Stamp Published on Sept 25th,1987, by Beijing Stamp Printers. One day Mr. KuaFu tried to catch up with the sun and to enter into it. As he was terribly thirsty, he went to drink in the Yellow River and the Wei River,but the water in the two rivers was not enough for him, so he turned northward to the sea. Before he could reach there he died of thirst. And his stick was lost in the wild field and it grew up into a forest (Deng- Lin)." KuaFu- An ancient Chinese myth