1. Giancarlo Guizzardi Ontological Foundations for Structural Conceptual Models Kapitel 1–3, vorgestellt von Steffen Zschaler am 08.11.2006

2. Fakultät Informatik, Institut für Software- und Multimediatechnologie, Lehrstuhl Softwaretechnologie TU Dresden, 08.11.2006(c) Steffen Zschaler, 2006Folie 2 von 11 Motivation Conceptual Modelling Languages –For representing reality –Human users –To promote communication and common understanding –When is reality represented adequately? Systematic approach is needed –Current approaches: Focused on specific domains Here: Focus on general principles of conceptual models

3. Fakultät Informatik, Institut für Software- und Multimediatechnologie, Lehrstuhl Softwaretechnologie TU Dresden, 08.11.2006(c) Steffen Zschaler, 2006Folie 3 von 11 Objectives Conceptualisatio n Model Modelling Language Modelling Specification represented by interpreted as represented by interpreted as instance ofused to compose instance ofused to compose ConceptsArtefacts Establish a systematic relation between modelling language and conceptualisation representation adequacy foundational ontology Establish a systematic relation between modelling language and conceptualisation representation adequacy foundational ontology

4. Fakultät Informatik, Institut für Software- und Multimediatechnologie, Lehrstuhl Softwaretechnologie TU Dresden, 08.11.2006(c) Steffen Zschaler, 2006Folie 4 von 11 Representation Adequacy Two aspects: 1.Domain Appropriateness: Measure of the suitability of a language for modelling phenomena of a domain Truthfulness to the domain 2.Comprehensibility Appropriateness: Measure of ease of comprehension and communication

5. Fakultät Informatik, Institut für Software- und Multimediatechnologie, Lehrstuhl Softwaretechnologie TU Dresden, 08.11.2006(c) Steffen Zschaler, 2006Folie 5 von 11 Domain Appropriateness Specification S should be as close to Model M as possible. –Ideally: Isomorphisms –Homomorphisms will do –Four properties to characterise an isomorphism: 1.Lucidity/Construct Overload 2.Soundness/Construct Excess 3.Laconicity/Construct Redundancy 4.Completeness

6. Fakultät Informatik, Institut für Software- und Multimediatechnologie, Lehrstuhl Softwaretechnologie TU Dresden, 08.11.2006(c) Steffen Zschaler, 2006Folie 6 von 11 Lucidity/Construct Overload Every element in S relates to at most one element in M. Contrast: Construct Overload (Language Level) –Some grammatical constructs relate to more than one ontological construct –No implication of non-lucidity or vice-versa MS

7. Fakultät Informatik, Institut für Software- und Multimediatechnologie, Lehrstuhl Softwaretechnologie TU Dresden, 08.11.2006(c) Steffen Zschaler, 2006Folie 7 von 11 Soundness/Construct Excess Every element in S relates to at least one element in M. Contrast: Construct Excess (Language Level) –Some grammatical constructs relate to no ontological construct MS

8. Fakultät Informatik, Institut für Software- und Multimediatechnologie, Lehrstuhl Softwaretechnologie TU Dresden, 08.11.2006(c) Steffen Zschaler, 2006Folie 8 von 11 Laconicity/Construct Redundancy Every element in M is represented by at most one element in S. Contrast: Construct Redundancy (Language Level) –More than one grammatical constructs relates to the same ontological construct –No implication of non-laconicity or vice-versa MS

9. Fakultät Informatik, Institut für Software- und Multimediatechnologie, Lehrstuhl Softwaretechnologie TU Dresden, 08.11.2006(c) Steffen Zschaler, 2006Folie 9 von 11 Completeness Every element in M is represented by at least one element in S. Related to: Completeness (Language Level) –Every domain concept is represented by at least one grammatical construct MS

10. Fakultät Informatik, Institut für Software- und Multimediatechnologie, Lehrstuhl Softwaretechnologie TU Dresden, 08.11.2006(c) Steffen Zschaler, 2006Folie 10 von 11 Model Modelling Language Modelling Specification represented by interpreted as represented by interpreted as instance ofused to compose instance ofused to compose Comparing Modelling Languages and Conceptualisations Conceptualisatio n ConceptsArtefacts Domain Ontolog y Meta- Conceptualisatio n Material Domain Conceptualisatio n Ontology Representation Language Domain Ontology represented by instance of Meta-Level Level Foundational Ontology

11. Fakultät Informatik, Institut für Software- und Multimediatechnologie, Lehrstuhl Softwaretechnologie TU Dresden, 08.11.2006(c) Steffen Zschaler, 2006Folie 11 von 11 Ontologies Lots of history on use of ontologies in philosophy and computer science Formalisations of Conceptualisation, Logical Model, Ontological Commitment I have no clue, what is the core contribution of this chapter!