1. Addressing Rolling Resistance and Durability of Tires by Using Sulfron 3001
Good morning ladies and gentleman
Sulfron 3001 is a product that we have developed about 2 years ago and it is now a commercial product. I want to show you today our latest finding related to this compounding ingredient.
N. Huntink, R. Datta†, P. Paping, M. van der Made
Teijin Aramid BV, Arnhem, The Netherlands
S. Parker
Teijin Aramid USA Inc., 801-F Blacklawn Road Conyers, GA , USA

2. Outline Introduction – Tire needs Teijin Aramid’s offering – SULFRON
Underlying principle of improvements
Compounding recommendations
Evaluation results - Truck/Bus tread compounds - Belt skim compounds
Result tire test
Interfering ingredients
Conclusions
This is the content of my presentation.
In the introduction I want to tell sometrhing about the needs of the tire industry and I will show where Sulfron can help. I will explain the underlying principle of the improvement obtained by Sulfron ……….

3. Focus of the tire industry
Sulfron in Tires Making the Environment Green
Fuel Economy
Durability
Safety

4. Teijin Aramid’s offerings - Sulfron
SULFRON is based on a Twaron matrix, which is modified by chemicals to activate the surface of the Aramid fibers.
Reaction mechanism suggests that SULFRON does interact with filler surfaces (both carbon black and silica) thereby reducing filler-filler interaction (Payne effect) NH
NHOC CO n
Fuel economy
Better 4%
+ Sulfron
Sulfron = Twaron
reacted with
special chemicals
No Sulfron
Durability
Up 20%!
Safety
No compromise

5. Sulfron 3001
Sulfron 3001 is based on a peroxide (PO), 1,1-Di(tert-butylperoxy) cyclohexane [ ]
Radicals: highly reactive species
Radicals from PO react or interact with aramid creating stable living radicals (probably on aramid surface). These living radicals react with carbon black radicals during mixing. Some pre-crosslinking of rubber is expected because of side reactions.
Radicals are being studied with ESR

6. Some speculations on the mechanism of peroxide modification of Twaron

7. Effect of Silane on Payne effect : Silica compounds
Underlying principle of improvements by Sulfron 3001
Effect of Silane on Payne effect : Silica compounds
Effect of Sulfron on Payne effect : Carbon black compounds

8. Compounding recommendations
Mixing time and temperature
Mixing window for optimum performance

9. Mixing procedure
Critical point: We need °C at 3 min and keep the temperature same till 5 minutes.

10. Mixing window for optimum performance
30% improvement in hysteresis can be achieved if * mixing temperature °C * Mixing time of 2 minutes after reaching the temperature ( °C)
The deviation is within the error
1 & 2 phr Sulfron: No significant differences

11. Sulfron 3001 in typical truck tread compounds

12. Formulation (Bias Tread)

13. Rheometer data at 145°C

14. Processing data

15. Payne effect (RPA measurement)
Control
Sulfron
1.00 phr
1.25 phr
1.50 phr

16. Mechanical Properties (Cured at 145°C/t90)

17. Viscoelastic properties (60°C, 15Hz and 2% strain)

18. Belt skim compounds

19. Contribution to rolling resistance: Parts of Truck tires

20. Belt Failure Due to heat and loss in adhesion

21. Formulations Belt skim compound

22. Payne effect in Belt Skim compound
Control
Sulfron 3001

23. Tangent delta at 60°C/10Hz (Hysteresis)
Tan δ reduced by 15%

24. Heat build up curves at 100°C2 6 1 4 8 3 5
Blow Out T e m p r a t u , C
01 Control
02 Sulfron T i m e , n u t s

25. Sulfron 3001 tire test results

26. Truck tires: 295/R22.5 : Sulfron 1,5phr in tread only
Properties
Control
+Sulfron 3001
Difference
Tire temperature (15 hr at kph)
Shoulder temperature, °C
151
132
-19°C
Crown temperature, °C
154
134
-20°C
Tire rolling resistance
40 kph, kW
2.64
2.20
-16%
60 kph, kW
4.15
3.38
-18%
80 kph, kW
5.91
4.48
-24%
100 kph, kW
7.85
5.50
-30%
Tire endurance (110 kph till failure)
Endurance time, hours
17.2
22.5
+31%
Endurance distance, kms
1420
1810
+28%

27. Results of outdoor tire tests
+Sulfron 3001
CONTROL

28. Interfering ingredients
Effect of other compounding ingredients:
Different blacks
Different polymers
Peptizers
Different oils

30. ESR spectra of different types of Carbon black at RT
CB-N326
CB-N330
CB-N339
Good correlation between reduction in tan δ and radical density of carbon black!!
CB-N220
CB-N234
CB-N110
CB-N115
CB-N134

31. Effect of peptizers in NR/BR formulation
Renacit 11WG : 2,2’-dibenzamidophenyldisulfide (DBD)
Noctizer SD : 70% stearic acid + 30% di(orthobenzamidophenyl)disulfide

32. Tan δ at rolling conditions

33. Interfering Ingredients
Peptizers – Eliminate, if necessary ( Sulfron gives low viscosity)
Silica/Silane: React silica and silane before addition of carbon black + Sulfron Unreacted silica may interfere into Sulfron 3001 reactivity.
Performance of S-3001 depends on type of rubber:
Best NR < SBR < BR Worst
Performance of S-3001 depends on type of black:
Best 300 series < 200 series < 100 series Worst    
Aromatic oils (high levels) may interfere into Sulfron reaction. Certain oil extended polymers may give unusual effects. This is because of the nature of oil present: Best TDAE oil < paraffinic oil < aromatic oil < high aromatic oil Worst              

34. Thank you for your attention
CONCLUSIONS
Thank you for your attention
Sulfron 3001 decreases filler-filler interaction thus reduces frictional energy Reduction of Hysteresis Reduction of Heat build up * Improved Fuel Efficiency * Improved Durability Improvements: (a) Payne effect (b) Heat build up, Permanent set (c) Hysteresis, tangent delta (d) Dynamic abrasion (wear) (e) Fatigue, flex, cut/chip and chunk