1. IFRS 8 – Segment reporting

2. Executive summary Segment reporting:
Segment reporting disclosures under ASC 280 and IFRS 8 are essentially the same. Both follow a “management approach” in identifying segments and the components of the disclosures are very similar.

3. Progress on convergence
Segment reporting – no convergence projects at this time.

4. Segment reporting Scope
US GAAP
IFRS
The requirements for segment reporting are applicable to entities with publicly traded debt or equity or entities that are in the process of issuing publicly traded securities.
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5. Segment reporting Identifying operating and reporting segments
US GAAP
IFRS
An operating segment is defined as a component of an enterprise that:
Engages in business activities from which it may earn revenues and incur expenses (including revenues and expenses relating to transactions with other components of the same enterprise).
Whose operating results are regularly reviewed by the enterprise’s chief operating decision-maker (CODM) to make decisions about resources to be allocated to the segment and assess its performance.
For which discrete financial information is available.
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6. Segment reporting Identifying operating and reporting segments
US GAAP
IFRS
A “management approach” is used to identify the reportable segments. This approach determines segments based on the way management organizes the entity for making operating decisions and assessing performance.
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Two or more operating segments can be aggregated into one operating segment only if certain criteria are met. These criteria are the same for both US GAAP and IFRS.
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7. Segment reporting Identifying operating and reporting segments
US GAAP
IFRS
The determination of which operating segments are reportable is based on quantitative thresholds. An operating segment is reportable if it meets any of the following three criteria:
The revenue for the segment is 10% or more of the combined revenue.
The absolute value of profit/loss is 10% or more of the greater (in absolute value) of (a) the combined profit of all operating segments that don’t report a loss, or (b) the combined loss of all operating segments that did report a loss.
The assets of the segment are 10% or more of the combined assets.
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8. Segment reporting Identifying operating and reporting segments
US GAAP
IFRS
Total revenue attributable to reporting segments must be at least 75% of the combined revenue.
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9. Segment reporting Identifying operating and reporting segments
Both US GAAP and IFRS acknowledge that business may use a matrix form of management. In matrix management, business components are reviewed by the CODM on more than one dimension, such as geographical areas and product/service lines.
US GAAP
The determination of segments must be based on the product/service line per ASC in a matrix form of organization.
IFRS
The determination of segments should be done in the way that is most consistent with the core principle stated in IFRS 8, which is, “… to enable users of its financial statements to evaluate the nature and financial effects of the business activities in which it engages and the economic environments in which it operates.”

10. Segment reporting Identifying operating and reporting segments
Diagram from ASC and paragraph IG7 of IFRS 8.

11. Determination of reporting segment
Example 1
The IT Software Services Corporation (IT), a US public company, has grown rapidly over the last 40 years and currently operates in 40 different countries around the world. IT has an Executive Committee that manages the operations through a matrix organizational structure.
ITs four business or product lines are as follows:
1. Personal IT Software – home or small office applications
2. Commercial IT Software – large manufacturing software applications
3. Healthcare IT Software – hospital applications and doctors’ office applications
4. Financial Services IT Software – large banks and investment bank applications

12. Determination of segment reporting example
The Company also manages its operations through eight geographic regions as follows:
1. US – East
2. US – South
3. US – West
4. Europe – Western
5. Europe – Eastern
6. Middle East and Africa
7. Asia – China/Japan
8. Asia – India/Southeast Asia and Australia
The Executive Committee, which reports to the Board of Directors, evaluates operations from both a line-of-business or product view and also from a geographic view. Resource allocations are also determined from a line-of-business or product standpoint, as well as a geographic standpoint. Ultimately, the chief decision-maker makes resource allocations based on a product-line basis.

13. Determination of segment reporting example
2010 sales:
Product line
Geographic area
Personal
Commercial
Healthcare
Financial services
Total
US – East
$ 15,000
$ 35,000
$ 20,000
$ 45,000
$115,000
US – South
18,000
20,000
25,000
40,000
103,000
US – West
22,000
45,000
30,000
10,000
107,000
Europe – Western
15,000
35,000
80,000
Europe – Eastern
8,000
17,000
4,000
37,000
Middle East and Africa
2,000
Asia – China/Japan
12,000
19,000
86,000
Asia – India/Southeast Asia and Australia
74,000
$125,000
$200,000
$174,000
$625,000

14. Determination of segment reporting example
2010 profit and assets:
Geographic area
Net Profit
Estimated assets at December 31, 2010
US – East
$ 15,000
15%
$ 20,000
10%
US – South
17,000 17
36,000 18
US – West
70,000 35
Europe – Western
10,000 10
16,000 8
Europe – Eastern
9,000 9
Middle East and Africa
5,000 5
14,000 7
Asia – China/Japan
15,000 15
Asia – India/Southeast Asia and Australia
12,000
_12
__7
Total
$ 100,000
100%
$ 200,000

15. Determination of segment reporting example
What segment information would be disclosed under US GAAP?
What segment information would be disclosed under IFRS?

16. Determination of segment reporting example
Example 1 solution:
US GAAP: The segment information that would be disclosed under US GAAP would be by line of business or product line and would disclose the four product lines of personal, commercial, healthcare and financial services since each of these accounts for more than 10% of the total revenues.
IFRS: The segment information that would be disclosed under IFRS, assuming resource allocations are made on a geographic basis by the chief decision-maker, would, at a minimum, include six of the eight geographic areas. All geographic areas, except the European – Eastern and Middle East and Africa, account for more than 10% of the total revenue so they would all be reportable segments. Neither the European – Eastern or Middle East and Africa meets the criteria for reportable segments based on assets or profits. In addition, the six reportable segments combined meet the requirement that 75% of revenues be reported. Thus, these six segments should be reported.
As a practical matter, IT would probably decide to disclose all geographic segments for ease of presentation and transparency.

17. Segment reporting Accounting principles
US GAAP
IFRS
The accounting principles that a company uses for its segment disclosures do not need to be consistent with the principles it uses for the consolidated financial statements.
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18. Segment reporting Reporting requirements
US GAAP
IFRS
Disclosure of the measure of revenue, profit/loss and total assets for each reportable segment is required.
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A reconciliation is required between the total of all reported segments and the amounts reported in the financial statements.
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19. Segment reporting Reporting requirements
US GAAP
The disclosure of segment liabilities does not have to be reported, even if they are reviewed by the CODM. However, an entity can elect to voluntarily make this disclosure and many US-based companies do in fact disclose this information.
IFRS
It is required that segment liabilities be disclosed if those amounts are regularly provided to the CODM.

20. Segment reporting Reporting requirements summary
US GAAP
General information of segment
Segment profit and loss amounts
Revenues – external and internal
Interest revenues and expenses
Depreciation
Unusual items
Net income of equity investee
Income taxes
IFRS
General information of segment
Segment profit and loss amounts
Revenues – external and internal
Interest revenues and expenses
Depreciation
Material items of income and expense
Associates and joint venture equity income
Income taxes

21. Segment reporting Reporting requirements summary
US GAAP
Extraordinary items
Reconciliation of segment amounts to financial statement totals
Measurement basis
Segment assets
IFRS
Material noncash items
Reconciliation of segment amounts to financial statement totals
Measurement basis
Segment assets
Segment liabilities