1. STRENGTH AND DUCTILITY OF AXIALLY LOADED RC SHORT COLUMN CONFINED WITH CFRP AND GFRP Haider Osamah Al-Karaghool Supervised by: Dr. Adil K. Al-Tamimi Dr. Jamal A. Abdalla Thesis Defense

2. OUTLINE Introduction Research Objectives and Significance Literature Review Experimental Program Discussion of Results Conclusion

3. Introduction Research Objective & Significance Literature Review Experimental Setup Discussion of Results Conclusion The need for safe building!!! Construction Industry vs. Technology Dead Load, Live Load, Load path, New building requirements Change in the structure Corrosion, Fatigue, Design Errors, Hazardous Factors Degradation of a structure New Building vs. Old Buildings Environ. Friendly Energy Conservative Less Carbon Footprint Enhanced Life Expectancy

4. Introduction Fiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP)-Defenition A composite material made of a polymer matrix reinforced with fibres. Types AFRPCFRPGFRP Introduction Research Objective & Significance Literature Review Experimental Setup Discussion of Results Conclusion

5. Introduction Fiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP)-Properties Introduction Research Objective & Significance Literature Review Experimental Setup Discussion of Results Conclusion

6. Introduction Fiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP)-Properties Introduction Research Objective & Significance Literature Review Experimental Setup Discussion of Results Conclusion

7. Introduction Fiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP)-Advantages Introduction Research Objective & Significance Literature Review Experimental Setup Discussion of Results Conclusion

8. Introduction Fiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP)-Disadvantages Introduction Research Objective & Significance Literature Review Experimental Setup Discussion of Results Conclusion

9. Research Objectives Study the behavior of Normal designed RC column when strengthened with CFRP or GFRP in one or two layers. Study the behavior of Under designed RC columns when strengthened with CFRP or GFRP in one or two layers Compare the behavior of strengthened under designed RC columns with the non-strengthened normal designed RC column. Introduction Research Objective & Significance Literature Review Experimental Setup Discussion of Results Conclusion

10. Research Objectives Strength (Load Capacity) Ductility Behavior as Type of Material Number of Layers Parameters involved Introduction Research Objective & Significance Literature Review Experimental Setup Discussion of Results Conclusion

11. Research Significance Testing strengthened RC column with CFRP or GFRP Find the ideal solution that would replace the idea of the demolishing the structure Introduction Research Objective & Significance Literature Review Experimental Setup Discussion of Results Conclusion

12. Literature Review Introduction Research Objective & Significance Literature Review Experimental Setup Discussion of Results Conclusion  A. Mirmiran, M. Shahawy, M. Samaan, H. El Echary, J. C. Mastrapa, and O. Pico (1998)  Studied the effect of Shape, Length, and Bond between the concrete and the jacket.  Eccentric Loading  More than 100 samples were casted (Cylinders and Square columns)  GFRP  Conclusion  Square sections are less effective than Circular sections  Effect of length–to-diameter ratios within the range of 2:1 and 5:1 is not significant for either strength or ductility of the section  Adhesive bond does not effect load-carrying capacity of FRP-confined concrete.

13. Literature Review Introduction Research Objective & Significance Literature Review Experimental Setup Discussion of Results Conclusion  P. Rochette and P. Labossiere (2000)  Studied the behaviour reinforced concrete columns reinforced confined with composites  Axial Loading  More than 40 specimens  CFRP and GFRP  Conclusion  Confinement of Circular is more effective than Square and Rectangular.  The Radius of the round corner is directly proportional with the effective of the confinement.  Excessive confinement will lead to very sudden and destructive compressive failure, which must be avoided.

14. Literature Review Introduction Research Objective & Significance Literature Review Experimental Setup Discussion of Results Conclusion  Omar Chaallal, Mohsen Shahawy, and Hunzer Hassan (2003)  Study the effectiveness of external wrapping for concrete columns  Parameters involved:  Concrete strength  Aspect ratio of cross section  Number of FRP layers  Axial Loading  Square and Rectangular section  CFRP  30 samples  Conclusion  CFRP confinement showed improvement in strength and ductility  Compressive strength is inversely proportional with the axial and transverse strain.  the gain in the compressive strength depends on the ratio of the stiffness of the FRP jacket in the lateral direction to the axial stiffness of the column

15. Literature Review Introduction Research Objective & Significance Literature Review Experimental Setup Discussion of Results Conclusion  Hua Wei, Zhimin Wu, Xia Guo, and Fumin Yi (2009)  Investigate the mechanical behaviour of columns with partial deteriorated strength and to evaluate the availability of the partial confinement.  Parameters involved:  Concrete strength  Number of wrapping layers  Plain vs. Reinforced concrete  Axial Loading  Square section  CFRP  30 samples (15 Plain vs. 15 Reinforced)  Conclusion  Partial confinement in deteriorated regions with CFRP can significantly enhance the performance of columns.  The ductility of confined specimens was enhanced significantly compared to the partial deteriorated column as well as the original column.

16. Experimental Setup Theoretical AnalysisConcrete Mix DesignStrain Gauge FixingEpoxy PreparationColumn PreparationProposed Matrix Introduction Research Objective & Significance Literature Review Experimental Setup Discussion of Results Conclusion

17. Experimental Setup Theoretical Analysis ACI 318 Introduction Research Objective & Significance Literature Review Experimental Setup Discussion of Results Conclusion

18. Experimental Setup Theoretical Analysis ACI 318 Introduction Research Objective & Significance Literature Review Experimental Setup Discussion of Results Conclusion

19. Experimental Setup Theoretical Analysis Introduction Research Objective & Significance Literature Review Experimental Setup Discussion of Results Conclusion Normal DesignUnder Design

20. Experimental Setup Theoretical Analysis Introduction Research Objective & Significance Literature Review Experimental Setup Discussion of Results Conclusion Normal DesignUnder Design

21. Experimental Setup Theoretical Analysis Introduction Research Objective & Significance Literature Review Experimental Setup Discussion of Results Conclusion

22. Experimental Setup Concrete Mix Design ACI 211 Introduction Research Objective & Significance Literature Review Experimental Setup Discussion of Results Conclusion

23. Experimental Setup Concrete Mix Design Introduction Research Objective & Significance Literature Review Experimental Setup Discussion of Results Conclusion

24. Experimental Setup Strain Gauge Fixing Introduction Research Objective & Significance Literature Review Experimental Setup Discussion of Results Conclusion

25. Experimental Setup Epoxy Preparation-Primer Introduction Research Objective & Significance Literature Review Experimental Setup Discussion of Results Conclusion Low-viscous material used to fill the pores on the concrete specimen surface in order to ensure full bonding between the FRP composite and the concrete surface Two parts : Part A : Base Part B : Hardener

26. Experimental Setup Epoxy Preparation-Primer Introduction Research Objective & Significance Literature Review Experimental Setup Discussion of Results Conclusion

27. Experimental Setup Epoxy Preparation-Saturant Introduction Research Objective & Significance Literature Review Experimental Setup Discussion of Results Conclusion Medium-viscous material used as a bonding agent between the concrete surface and the FRP material Two parts : Part A : Base Part B : Hardener

28. Experimental Setup Epoxy Preparation-Saturant Introduction Research Objective & Significance Literature Review Experimental Setup Discussion of Results Conclusion

29. Experimental Setup Column Preparation Introduction Research Objective & Significance Literature Review Experimental Setup Discussion of Results Conclusion After 125 mm 750 mm 500 mm Before R = 25 mm

30. Experimental Setup Proposed Matrix Introduction Research Objective & Significance Literature Review Experimental Setup Discussion of Results Conclusion NC11 N2 N3 U1 U2U3 NC21NC22NC23UC21UC22UC23 N1N1 NC12NC13 UC11UC12 UF13NG11NG12NG13UG11UG12 UC13 UF23NG21NG22NG23UG21UG22

31. Introduction Research Objective & Significance Literature Review Experimental Setup Discussion of Results Conclusion Discussion of Results N Group #P (KN)∆u∆yμ∆μ∆ N1937.8595.2584.4301.187 N2803.9073.9753.3911.172 N3843.1654.3023.3481.285 Average861.6444.5123.7231.215

32. Introduction Research Objective & Significance Literature Review Experimental Setup Discussion of Results Conclusion Discussion of Results NC1 Group #P (KN)∆u∆yμ∆μ∆ NC119176.2664.7651.315 NC1210024.8864.1431.179 NC139105.0074.0901.224 Average9435.3864.3321.240

33. Introduction Research Objective & Significance Literature Review Experimental Setup Discussion of Results Conclusion Discussion of Results NC2 Group #P (KN)∆u∆yμ∆μ∆ NC2110145.7014.2121.353 NC2210104.9524.0761.215 NC2310195.4373.9561.374 Average10145.3634.0811.314

34. Introduction Research Objective & Significance Literature Review Experimental Setup Discussion of Results Conclusion Discussion of Results NG1 Group #P (KN)∆u∆yμ∆μ∆ NG119775.6394.4381.271 NG129268.1475.7651.413 NG138906.6504.7861.390 Average9316.8124.9961.358

35. Introduction Research Objective & Significance Literature Review Experimental Setup Discussion of Results Conclusion Discussion of Results NG2 Group #P (KN)∆u∆yμ∆μ∆ NG2110447.1783.5432.026 NG2211417.4893.1392.386 NG2310354.6564.0401.152 Average10736.4413.5741.855

36. Introduction Research Objective & Significance Literature Review Experimental Setup Discussion of Results Conclusion Discussion of Results U Group #P (KN)∆u∆yμ∆μ∆ U16583.0842.4981.235 U25464.3293.4071.271 U37423.4663.4241.012 Average6493.6263.1091.173

37. Introduction Research Objective & Significance Literature Review Experimental Setup Discussion of Results Conclusion Discussion of Results UC1 Group #P (KN)∆u∆yμ∆μ∆ UC118714.1633.7021.125 UC129128.9956.7451.334 UC138936.2455.3421.169 Average8926.4685.2631.209

38. Introduction Research Objective & Significance Literature Review Experimental Setup Discussion of Results Conclusion Discussion of Results UC2 Group #P (KN)∆u∆yμ∆μ∆ UC2110357.6556.7061.142 UC2210536.6295.1311.292 UC2310356.4375.3621.200 Average10416.9075.7331.211

39. Introduction Research Objective & Significance Literature Review Experimental Setup Discussion of Results Conclusion Discussion of Results UG1 Group #P (KN)∆u∆yμ∆μ∆ UG118455.5294.8901.131 UG128926.5235.0231.299 UG138317.6125.8261.307 Average8566.5555.2461.245

40. Introduction Research Objective & Significance Literature Review Experimental Setup Discussion of Results Conclusion Discussion of Results UG2 Group #P (KN)∆u∆yμ∆μ∆ UG219385.6014.4461.260 UG229409.4017.5981.237 UG239976.0144.4781.343 Average9597.0055.5071.280

41. Introduction Research Objective & Significance Literature Review Experimental Setup Discussion of Results Conclusion Discussion of Results Transverse Strain Gauges #Transverse# # # # N1 -3.47E-04 NC11 - NC21-NG11 - NG21-5.40E-05 N2 -3.45E-04 NC12 -2.38E-04 NC22 -5.00E-05 NG12 -3.32E-04 NG22 -6.00E-05 N3 -6.49E-04 NC13-3.10E-04NC23 -4.00E-05 NG13-2.50E-04NG23-4.60E-05 Average-4.47E-04Average-2.74E-04Average-4.50E-05Average-2.91E-04Average-5.33E-05 #Transverse# # # # U1 - UC11-7.40E-04UC21 -4.19E-04 UG11-UG21 -3.19E-04 U2-2.50E-04UC12 -2.33E-04 UC22 -3.68E-04 UG12 -5.00E-04 UG22 -1.66E-04 U3-3.10E-04UC13 -1.90E-04 UC23-1.00E-04UG13 -3.00E-04 UG23- Average-2.80E-04Average-3.88E-04Average-2.96E-04Average-4.00E-04Average-2.43E-04

42. Introduction Research Objective & Significance Literature Review Experimental Setup Discussion of Results Conclusion Discussion of Results Load and Ductility Values #P (KN) ∆u∆yμ∆μ∆ #P (KN) ∆u∆yμ∆μ∆ N19385.2584.4301.187U16583.0842.4981.235 N28043.9753.3911.172U25464.3293.4071.271 N38434.3023.3481.285U37423.4663.4241.012 Average8624.5123.7231.215Average6493.6263.1091.173 NC119176.2664.7651.315UC118714.1633.7021.125 NC1210024.8864.1431.179UC129128.9956.7451.334 NC139105.0074.0901.224UC138936.2455.3421.169 Average9435.3864.3321.240Average8926.4685.2631.209 NC2110145.7014.2121.353UC2110357.6556.7061.142 NC2210104.9524.0761.215UC2210536.6295.1311.292 NC2310195.4373.9561.374UC2310356.4375.3621.200 Average10145.3634.0811.314Average10416.9075.7331.211 NG119775.6394.4381.271UG118455.5294.8901.131 NG129268.1475.7651.413UG128926.5235.0231.299 NG138906.6504.7861.390UG138317.6125.8261.307 Average9316.8124.9961.358Average8566.5555.2461.245 NG2110447.1783.5432.026UG219385.6014.4461.260 NG2211417.4893.1392.386UG229409.4017.5981.237 NG2310354.6564.0401.152UG239976.0144.4781.343 Average10736.4413.5741.855Average9597.0055.5071.280

43. Introduction Research Objective & Significance Literature Review Experimental Setup Discussion of Results Conclusion Discussion of Results Comparisons- N Group TypeNNC1NC2NG1NG2 Load (KN)86294310739311014 % Diff-9.44%24.56%8.06%17.68% ∆u (mm)4.5125.3865.3636.8126.441 ∆y (mm)3.7234.3324.0814.4383.574 μ∆μ∆ 1.2151.2401.3141.3581.855 %Diff-2.06%8.15%11.77%52.67% Transverse-4.47E-04-2.74E-04-4.50E-05-2.91E-04-5.33E-05 %Diff--38.702%-89.933%-34.899%-88.069%

44. Introduction Research Objective & Significance Literature Review Experimental Setup Discussion of Results Conclusion Discussion of Results Comparisons- U Group TypeUUC1UC2UG1UG2 Load (KN)6498921041856959 % Diff-37.54%60.49%32.02%47.80% ∆u (mm)3.6266.4686.9076.5557.005 ∆y (mm)3.1095.2635.7335.2465.507 μ∆μ∆ 1.1731.2091.2111.2451.280 %Diff-3.07%3.24%6.14%9.12% Transverse-2.80E-04-3.88E-04-2.96E-04-4.00E-04-2.43E-04 -38.452%5.595%42.857%-13.393%

45. Introduction Research Objective & Significance Literature Review Experimental Setup Discussion of Results Conclusion Discussion of Results Comparisons- N vs. U Group TypeNUC1UC2UG1UG2 Load (KN)8628921041856959 % Diff-3.52%20.80%-0.63%11.25% ∆u (mm)4.5126.4686.9076.5557.005 ∆y (mm)3.7235.2635.7335.2465.507 μ∆μ∆ 1.2151.2091.2111.2451.280 %Diff--0.49%-0.33%2.47%5.35% Transverse-5.33E-05-3.88E-04-2.96E-04-4.00E-04-2.43E-04 -626.88%454.38%650.00%354.69%

46. Introduction Research Objective & Significance Literature Review Experimental Setup Discussion of Results Conclusion Discussion of Results Mode of Failure ColumnType of FailurePositionColumn Type of Failure Position NC11DelaminationTopUC11DelaminationTop + Middle NC12DelaminationTopUC12DelaminationTop + Middle NC13DelaminationTopUC13DelaminationTop + Middle NC21DelaminationTopUC21DelaminationTop NC22DelaminationTopUC22DelaminationTop NC23DebondingTopUC23DelaminationTop NG11DebondingMiddleUG11DebondingTop + Middle NG12DebondingTopUG12DebondingMiddle NG13DebondingMiddleUG13DelaminationTop NG21DebondingTopUG21DelaminationTop NG22DebondingMiddleUG22DebondingTop + Middle NG23DebondingTopUG23DebondingTop

47. Introduction Research Objective & Significance Literature Review Experimental Setup Discussion of Results Conclusion The external confinement with CFRP or GFRP materials has increased the load and ductility of the normal and under designed specimen under axial loading. The results of the materials tested showed that CFRP materials has produced the largest lateral confinement pressure to column specimens. However, GFRP materials has produced enhancements in ductility. Excessive confinement will lead to very sudden and destructive compressive failures, which must be avoided. Externally confined concrete column could undergo large deformation without complete failure.

48. Introduction Research Objective & Significance Literature Review Experimental Setup Discussion of Results Conclusion Special Thanks Dr. Adil Al-Tamimi Dr. Jamal Abdalla, Dr. Sherif Yehia, and Dr. Bassil Darras Eng. Arshi Faridi Eng. Ahmed Gadhban Eng. Assia Lasfer

49. and thank you for listening …