1. The Haitian Revolution The First Latin American Revolution

2. Map of Haiti & the Dominican Republic Today

3. Map of Haiti & the Dominican Republic (Hispaniola)

4. I. Causes of Slavery in the Americas A.Europeans needed people to work in the mines & plantations of their newly conquered colonies B. Europeans wanted to maximize their profits by using “free” labor (mercantilism) C. Since the Europeans killed off most of the indigenous people with “Guns, Germs & Steel” they needed a new group to work

5. Middle Passage

6. I. Causes of Slavery Continued D. The Catholic Church issued a decree permitting the use of Africans as slaves E. The Europeans capitalized on the fact some African societies practiced slavery by enslaving POWS F. Eventually, Europeans began simply kidnapping Africans G. As slavery expanded, Europeans sought Africans with specialized skills in rice, sugar, grain farming, etc

7. Middle Passage

8. Triangular Slave Trade

9. Colonial Trade

10. II. Conditions of Slavery

11. A.Hard labor, without getting paid B.Long Hours 12-20, without breaks C.Beatings, rapes, mutilations & other types of torture D.Epidemics of disease, no access to medical attention E.Lack of cleanliness, poor living conditions F.Lack of food & water G.Strict separation from families & other racial groups

12. III. Pre-Revolutionary Haiti Social Classes A. Top of the social pyramid were Europeans or Blancs B. The second level were free Africans, who usually the mulattoes (African & European) or “gens de coleur” C. African slaves French & Other Europeans born in Europe 28,000 Mulattoes & Mestizoes 500,000 Africans

13. IV. How the Haitian Revolution Began? A.African slaves worked long, hard hours, making Hispaniola largest & richest producer of sugar in the world B.Coffee, tobacco & indigo (blue) were also important crops

14. IV. How the Haitian Revolution Began?

15. C. Long tired of brutal oppression & working for free D. Many Africans read or heard about the French Revolution’s Declaration of Rights of Man declaring all people EQUAL

16. IV. How the Haitian Revolution Began?

19. IV. How The Haitian Revolution Began

20. IV. How the Haitian Revolution Began D. 1791, during a Voodoo ceremony, Dutty Bookman gave a stirring sermon calling for Africans to rise up from their oppression E. On August 22, 1791 Africans rose up & began killing their “masters”, “overseers” & any other whites on the island. F. Africans also burned down plantations, buildings, mansions, etc

21. IV. How the Haitian Revolution Began

22. Slaves take up arms

23. Toussaint L’Ouverture

24. A. Educated & free Black Haitian B Owned several successful coffee plantations & slaves C. Highly educated & intelligent D. Organized Haitian slave regiments

25. Toussaint L’Ouverture E. Wrote Constitution, abolishing slavery & racial discrimination F. Constitution also called for a dictator G. Dictator will choose his successor

26. V. The Haitian Revolution Continues A.On April 4, 1792, the French Government declared ALL people living in the colonies FREE B.Toussaint L’Ouverture ruled the colony as an independent state C.This new group marched into the Spanish controlled part of the island & freed everyone in 1801

27. VI. The Napoleon Factor A.Napoleon seized power in France & was determined to take control of the colony B.Napoleon sent troops, who eventually died of yellow fever C.Napoleon’s troops were also blocked by British forces

28. VII. Independence A.Haiti continued to fight for freedom from 1793- 1803 B.Haiti won it’s last battle against the French on November 11, 1803 C.After their historic win, Dessalines declared Haiti an independent country on January 1, 1804 D.Haitians celebrated by burning the French flag, singing & dancing in the streets

29. Jean-Jacques Dessalines

30. Dessalines tearing down the French flag

31. VIII. Legacy of the Haitian Revolution A.Haiti became the first free republic in the Americans since the invasion of Europeans B.Haiti became the first free “BLACK” republic in the world since the beginning of Colonialism C.The Haitian Revolution inspired revolutions across Latin America & the United States D.Haiti was forced to pay France & the plantation owners

32. Heroes of the French Revolution

33. VIII. Legacy of the Haitian Revolution E. Haiti was forced to pay France & the slave owners 90 million francs or $17 billion dollars F. It took Haiti 143 years (until 1947) to pay the slaveholders back G. This resulted in Haiti being the poorest country in the Americas & one of the poorest in the World.

34. IX. Haiti Today Cite Soleil Rural Mountain Village

35. X. January 12, 2010 Earthquake

36. A. 7.0 earthquake struck Haiti B. Between 250, 000 & 300,000died C. At least 300, 00 injured D. Port-au-Prince, the capital was devastated

37. X. January 12, 2010 Earthquake E. Little infrastructure ( Roads, bridges, poorly paved airports, etc) & a weak, ineffective made it difficult to get supplies into Haiti F. Aid came from the UN, Red Cross, religious organizations, celebrities & individuals

38. X. January 12, 2010 Earthquake G. Wyclef Jean, Haitian-American (musician & activist) not only raised money, but also tried to run for president

39. X. January 12, 2010 Earthquake

40. H. France was asked to give Haiti back the $17 billion it “extorted” after the revolution I They said “No…we already give them millions in aid…”

41. IX. January 12, 2010 Earthquake

42. XII. Post Earthquake A. Investment: 1. Caracoal Industrial Park: a. SAE-A Korean Clothing Manufacturer b. Sherman Williams paint production

43. XII. Post Earthquake B. Haitian farmers desperately need investment in seeds, water to cultivate crops