1. EU Centre of Excellence in PV Materials and Devices PV-EST FW project ENK6-CT-2002-80664 Enn Mellikov

2. Motivation of project Project defined its objectives as follows: capacity building of the laboratory via increasing its international attraction strengthening of position of laboratory as the leading centre of fundamental and applied research in PV materials realization of technology development potential of Tallinn team.

3. Tools to reach goals of projects Exchange of scientists R/D activities in laboratory Creating of up-to-date infrastructure for R/D activities

4. WHO WE ARE ! 2002 - European Union Centre of Excellence in PV Materials and Devices 2002 - National Centre of Excellence in Materials Science and Chemistry 2007 – Partner in virtual Nordic Centre of Excellence in PV Three times Estonian Scientific Award in Sciences for Research in the Field of Development of New PV Materials and Solar Cells (1985, 1998, 2005) Research staff 39 Junior researchers 18 PhD students15 PhD defended 2004-2006 7

5. WHO WE ARE, WHO WE ARE, research staff, intellectual capacity

6. WHO WE ARE, WHO WE ARE, exchange of scientists, 2003-2007 Outward visits25 Inward visits16 International Summer School in PV Materials and Devices 2006, 52 participants, 11 countries

7. WHO WE ARE, equipment 90% of scientific and technological equipment newer than 5 years Unique equipment high resolution scanning electron microscope Zeiss Ultra 55 with EDS, WDX and EBIC systems, Raman spectrometer HORIBA JOBIN YVON S.A.S. electron gun evaporation system, Vacuumservice (Finland) magnetron sputtering system, AJA (USA) plasma treatment system, (Germany) impedance spectrometers, (USA, Germany)..............

8. WHO WE ARE, LABORATORY

9. WHO WE ARE, equipment Unique equipment, planned investments during years 2007-2008 1.6 million EURO Inert gas cabinet with built-in vacuum evaporator planned 2007 XPSplanned 2007 XRD system for thin filmplanned 2007 Profilometerplanned 2007-2008 ICP-MS with laser ablation systemplanned 2007-2008 SEM sample preparation system planned 2007

10. WHO WE ARE, EUROPE ! 2003 - 2006 FW project The European Polymer Solar Battery (ENK5-CT- 2002-00687) – EURO-PSB 2003 - 2006 FW project Materials and Technologies for Photovoltaic Applications from Estonia (ENK6-CT-2002-80664 ) – PV-EST 2002 - 2006 FW project Co-ordination of NAS and European Union RTD Programmes on Photovoltaic Solar Energy (NNE5-2002-00046) 2004-2007 FW project 502775 (SES6) European Collaboration for identification of PV research and market opportunities, socio-economic studies, performance assessment and dissemination of PV thermal technology “PV- Catapult” 2004-2007 INTAS project Science and Technology of Copper-indium Chalcogenites and Organic Conductive Polymers Based PV Solar Cells 2004-2006 INTAS project Optical and structural analysis of single crystals and thin films of CuIn3Se5, CuGa3Se5, CuIn4Se6, CuIn5Se8, CuGa5Se8 for photovoltaic applications 2007-2009 FW 6 project “ Performance ”

11. WHO WE ARE, RESEARCH, thin film PV (CIS, CdTe, hybrid) Fundamental studies related to different PV materials Monograin powders with predicted microscopic structure and solar cells in monograin layer design Thin film and thin film solar cells by different chemical methods Composite materials and solar cells from ECP, CIS and A2B6 type compound semiconductor materials 2004-2006 scientific papers published ICI 86 scientific papers accepted ICI 26 Reports, international conferences 55 conferences organised 6 PhD defences 7 Patents 7 Patent applications 23

12. Photoluminescence studies PL spectra of stoichiometric CuInTe2 at 11K PL spectrum of stoichiometric CuInSe2 at 11K

13. Wet chemical deposition of thin films and structured layers for solar cells Spray deposition Sol gel CBD SILAR Advantages: Low-cost Non-vacuum Un-limited areas Disadvantages: Process chemistry complicated Contamination from precursors, atmosphere Three-dimensional growth

14. Solar cell by spray technique 1  m Päikesekiirgus Klaas CuInS 2 CdS ZnO ITO Solar cell structures prepared by on-line deposition in air: Efficiencies : ~3 % Preparation time: < 1h Cost : very low

15. Monograin powder of CuInSe 2 The advantages of the developed powder materials are: 1. single-crystalline structure of every grain; 2. narrow granulometric composition ; 3. uniform molecularity, stoichiometry and distribution of doping impurities in material

16. Monograin layer

17. Advantages of MGL

18. Schematic drawing and photograph of Cu/CIS/PEDOT-PSS/Cr/Au structure

19. PV panels testing Center The first test facility (32 m 2 ) of PV panels in the Baltic states is installed on the roof of one building of TTU, EU FW6 project “Performance”.

20. PV panels testing Center II, www.pv.ttu.ee

21. We have a dream: Estonia in the future

22. Thank you for attention