1. Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings Alternative Sources – Ch. 20 & 21

2. Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings

4. Nuclear energy Nuclear energy = the energy that holds together protons and neutrons within the nucleus of an atom nuclear fission = the splitting apart of atomic nuclei

5. Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings Nuclear Power Plant 101 in U.S101 in U.S.

6. Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings 436 online436 online Under ConstructionUnder Construction CTCT NYNY

7. Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings Coal versus nuclear power

8. Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings Radioactive WasteHalf-Life Iodine 1318.1 days Strontium 9028 years Cesium 13730 years Uranium 235700 million years Waste stored onsite in pools – expected to be at capacity in 2015

9. Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings NIMBY – not in my backyard

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11. 20_11a.jpg

12. Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings 20_08.JPG

13. Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings 20_10.JPG

14. Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings Yucca Mountain, Nevada NRDC Testimony on Fukushima

15. Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings Breeder Reactors

16. Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings Fusion Research Nuclear fusion = the process that drives our Sun’s vast output of energy -The force behind hydrogen (thermonuclear) bombs -Involves forcing together the small nuclei of lightweight elements under extremely high temperature and pressure

17. Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings Renewable Energy Around the World

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19. Biomass

20. Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings Biomass Biofuels = biomass sources converted into fuels to power automobiles. Biofuel crops Algae to BiofuelsBiofuel cropsAlgae to Biofuels Umich.edu

21. Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings Biomass Advantages Carbon neutral (IF not overharvested) Supports rural communities Reduced emissions: SO2, mercury Reduced dependence on fossil fuels Disadvantages Indoor air pollution if not vented IF crops used – competes with food production, fertilizers, pesticides, high energy input

22. Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings Hydroelectric power Hydroelectric power = uses the kinetic energy of moving water to turn turbines and generate electricity

23. Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings A typical dam

24. Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings A run-of-river system

25. Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings Hydropower Advantages Renewable No emissions High Efficiency Disadvantages People displaced Habitat destruction upstream and downstream Diadromous fish blocked from migrating to spawn Natural flooding cycles disturbed Thermal pollution Most large rivers already dammed

26. Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings Hydropower may not expand much more China’s Three Gorges Dam is the world’s largest dam Most of the world’s large rivers have already been dammed People have grown aware of the ecological impact of dams Developing nations will probably increase hydropower if they have rivers

27. Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings Solar energy Passive solar energy = the most common way to harness solar energy Buildings are designed to maximize direct absorption of sunlight in winter and keep cool in summer Active solar energy collection = uses technology to focus, move, or store solar energy

28. Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings Active - photovoltaic cell

29. Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings Active – Solar Water Heating

30. Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings Ecohomeduluth.com Passive – space heating

31. Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings Location is a drawback Not all regions are sunny enough to provide enough power, with current technology -Daily and seasonal variation also poses problems Advantages/Disadvantages?

32. Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings U.S. wind-generating capacity Wind's capacity to generate power varies according to wind speed

33. Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings Advantages/Disadvantages?

34. Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings Tidal and Wave Energy Advantages/Disadvantages?

35. Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings Geothermal Bbc.co.uk Advantages/Disadvantages?

36. Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings

38. Wikipedia.org Geothermal.marin.org Advantages/Disadvantages?

39. Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings Epa.gov

40. Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings