1. After the War – The Effects

2. Chapter 23-5 Terms Fourteen Points: League of Nations: Reparations:
The peace plan, proposed by Woodrow Wilson, to end World War I and restructure the countries of Europe
League of Nations:
An association of nations created to preserve peace and resolve international disputes
Reparations:
Payments made by the losing country in a war for damages caused by the war

3. Wilson’s Fourteen Points
Woodrow Wilson
Woodrow Wilson’s peace plan focused on:
boundary changes
international relations (how countries respond to one another)
Self-determination
The right of the people to decide how they are governed
League of Nations

4. League of Nations Wilson’s Final Point
The League’s members would help preserve peace and prevent future wars

5. The Peace Conference Big 4
U.S. (Wilson), Great Britain (George), France (Clemenceau), and Italy (Orlando)
European leaders weren’t happy with The Fourteen Points
To forgiving and trusting
Wilson made many concessions (gave up) in his Fourteen Points
Treaty of Versailles

6. Treaty of Versaillies

7. Treaty of Versailles
Germany accepted responsibility and had to pay billions in reparations
Germany had to completely disarm
Germany, Austria-Hungary and Russia’s borders were changed to create new nations
Austria, Hungary, Yugoslavia, Poland, Czechoslovakia, Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia, and Finland

8. Opposition at Home
Much of Congress had issues with the treaty.
Henry Cabot Lodge in the Senate changed much of the treaty
The treaty and the League of Nations were both rejected in the Senate
America signed individual treaties with nations and never joins the League of nations

9. Mental Effects After the War
Shell Shock (Post Traumatic Stress Disorder)
Soldiers with trauma of life in the trenches
Tics
Soldiers had involuntary body twitches
Disillusionment with the government
People no longer believed their government knew what was in their best interest

10. Cost of the War
World War I killed more people--9 million combatants and 5 million civilians
cost more money--$186 billion in direct costs and another $151 billion in indirect costs--than any previous war in history.

11. Boundaries of Europe Changed
Europe 1914 – Before the War
Europe 1920 – After the War