1. Section 3 Life During the War
The Civil War ( )
Section 3 Life During the War

2. Section 3-Polling Question
What change in daily life do you think would be most significantly during wartime?
A. Women would enter the workforce in ways they had not done before.
B. Education and school would be suspended for many children.
C. People would have to give up some luxuries and even necessities.
D. Travel would be limited and dangerous. A B C D

3. What social, political, and economic changes resulted from the war?
Essential Question
What social, political, and economic changes resulted from the war?

4. Life at Home Many teenagers served in the military
Left family, friends, and school
Schools closed during the war in some areas
Especially where battles were
Schools and churches served as hospitals for the wounded

5. Shortages in the South Life in the South changed dramatically
Both armies were in the South, therefore the South suffered the greatest destruction
Families lost their homes and crops because of soldiers
The South depended on the outside world “for everything from a hairpin to a toothpick, and from a cradle to a coffin”
As the war went on, shortages of food, supplies, and even household items became common

6. Treating the Sick and Wounded
1000s of women served as nurses
Many believed that nursing was for men, and it was improper for women to tend to the bodies of unknown men
Strong minded women disregarded these objections
Mary Edwards Walker became the first woman army surgeon and later won the Congressional Medal of Honor
Dorothea Dix convinced officials to allow women to work as nurses and also recruited women to serve
Clara Barton worked with wounded soldiers
Sally Thompson established a hospital for soldiers in Richmond, Virginia

7. Spies Women also served as spies For both sides
Belle Boyd informed Confederate generals of Union army movements
Some women disguised themselves as men and became soldiers
Loretta Janeta Velazquez fought for the South at the 1st Bull Run and Shiloh
Velazquez later became a spy
Harriet Tubman served as a spy and scout for the Union

8. In the Hands of the Enemy
Both sides had prison camps
Prisoners could keep a blanket and a cup
Volunteers distributed bread and soup
Food shortages led to soldiers getting little or no food
Andersonville prison, in Georgia, was overcrowded and many died (mostly from disease)
Union prison camps (like Elmira, New York) were no better

9. Field Hospitals Hospitals were set up by battlefields
Doctors struggled to care for all the wounded
Diseases often killed more soldiers than battle
Soldiers were crowded together and drank unsanitary water
Smallpox, dysentery, typhoid, and pneumonia were very dangerous

10. In the South Many Southerners opposed the war
After 2 year, the war had taken huge amounts of food, materials, and money
Bread riots erupted in the South because of hungry people
A mob, of mostly women and children, met in Richmond for a peaceful protest
Soon they started smashing shop windows and stealing food

11. In the North
People in the North also opposed the war (Democratic Party)
The Democratic Party split into the War Democrats and the Peace Democrats
War Democrats were critical of how the Republicans ran the war
The Peace Democrats wanted an immediate end to fighting
The Peace Democrats were seen by some as traitors and called Copperheads

12. Jail Without Trial
To deal with war opponents in the North, Lincoln suspended habeas corpus
People could be put in jail without a trial
The Constitution provides that habeas corpus can be suspended only “when in cases or rebellion or invasion, the public safety may require it”
1000s were put in jail
When people spoke out against the suspension, they were labeled treasonous Copperheads
In the South, Jefferson Davis also suspended Habeas Corpus

13. Draft Laws- The South Both sides had trouble recruiting troops
1862- Confederate Congress passed a draft law
Required able-bodied white men between 18 and 35 had to serve for 3 years
Later changed to age 17 to 50
A man could also hire a substitute to serve for him
Later, if a man had more than 20 slaves, he did not have to serve

14. Draft Laws- In the North
The North offered a bounty for volunteers (at first)
March The Union also passed a draft law
All men 20 to 45 had to register
They too could hire a substitute or could pay $300
People in the North and South complained it was “a rich man’s war and a poor man’s fight”

15. Draft Laws Antidraft feelings led to riots
New York City: July members of the working class (Many Irish immigrants) attacked government and military buildings
They attacked African Americans
Many white workers opposed the Emancipation Proclamation fearing loss of jobs
After four days of terror, more than 100 were dead
Federal troops had to stop the riots

16. Economic Effects The economies of both were strained
The North had greater resources, and was able to cope better with the cost of the war
The two governments paid for the war in three ways
1. Sold bonds promising high interest
2. Imposed new taxes, including income taxes
3. Printed money
Northern money was called greenbacks because of its color

17. The North Prospers Northern industry prospered from the war
They produced guns, ammunition, shoes, and uniforms
Farmers sold crops to supply food for the troops
However prices rose faster than wages because goods were in high demand
This inflation caused a great hardship for working people
Still, the Northern economy boomed during the war years

18. Economic Troubles in the South
In the South, the war destroyed farmland and railroad lines
The blockade prevented the shipping of trade goods
Vital materials could not reach the Confederates
Salt was so desperately needed that women scraped the floors of smokehouses to remove it
Food shortages led to riots
Inflation was worse in the South

19. What social, political, and economic changes resulted from the war?
Essential Question
What social, political, and economic changes resulted from the war?
Social- Women’s roles changed during the was as they had more opportunity and responsibility
Political- There were many political disagreements in the North and South over the war and the economy
Economic- The war was expensive for the North and South, and both sides had to try to raise money to pay for the war, as well as establish new policies for keeping the economy going

20. No one under the age of 18 could join the army.
True
False

21. The South was self-sufficient because of its many resources.
True
False

22. Belle Boyd spied for the South.
True
False

23. Habeas corpus guarantees accused individuals the right to a hearing before being jailed.
True
False

24. Providing food for the soldiers made Southern farmers very wealthy.
True
False

25. Which woman fought for the Confederacy at the First Battle of Bull Run?
Rose O'Neal Greenhow
Loretta Janeta Velázquez
Belle Boyd
Harriet Tubman

26. Who was the Southerner who established a hospital for soldiers in Richmond, Virginia?
Sally Tompkins
Robert E. Lee
William Sheppard
Clara Barton

27. The law that required men between certain ages to serve in the army for three years was the
corpus.
bounty.
draft.
habeas corpus.

28. The worst disturbance concerning opposition to draft laws took place in
Washington, D.C.
Richmond.
Charleston.
New York City.

29. To raise money for the war, the North printed
greenbacks.
paper checks.
handbills.
promissory notes.

30. Participant Scores Participant 1 Participant 2 Participant 3
Participant 1
Participant 2
Participant 3
Participant 4
Participant 5

31. Team Scores
Team 1
Team 2
Team 3
Team 4
Team 5