1. 8. 1(C) Explain the significance of the following dates:
8.1(C)  Explain the significance of the following dates: – founding of Jamestown – founding of House of Burgesses – Pilgrims arrive and create Mayflower Compact – adoption of the Declaration of Independence – writing of the U.S. Constitution Louisiana Purchase – Civil War

2. TEK 8.1C Independence 1st Constitution 2nd What happened in 1776?
the Declaration of Independence was written and approved
What is the significance of the passage of the Declaration of Independence?
it was the beginning of the revolution and the beginning of a new country
What happened in 1787?
the Constitutional Convention met and wrote the Constitution
What is the significance of the passage of the Constitution?
it created a government controlled by the people that has lasted over 200 yrs.

3. 8.4(D)  Analyze the issues of the Constitutional Convention of 1787, including the Great Compromise and the Three-fifths Compromise.

4. TEK 8.4D Explain the Virginia Plan.
* bicameral legislature (two houses)
* both based on population
* chief executive chosen by the legislature
* a federal court system
* popular with the big states
Explain the New Jersey Plan.
* a one-house legislature, with one vote per state (basically staying the same)
* Congress could tax and regulate trade
* a weak executive branch would be established with a council running it.
* popular with small states

5. TEK 8.4D (cont.) TEK 8.4C 3. Explain the Great Compromise.
* legislature based on Virginia Plan
* bicameral legislature
* Lower House, House of Representatives, based on population
* Upper House, Senate, all states get two representatives
* all laws must be approved by both houses
4. Explain the 3/5’s Compromise.
3/5’s of the slave population would count toward the number of representatives in the House of Representative

6. 8.4(E) Analyze the arguments for and against ratification.

7. TEK 8.4E Federalist Anti-Federalist
What is the biggest arguments over ratification of the Constitution?
who should have more power, the states or the federal government?
should it have a bill of rights or not?
Federalist
Anti-Federalist

8. 8.5(A)  Describe major domestic problems faced by the leaders of the new republic such as: - maintaining national security - building a military - creating a stable economic system - setting up the court system and - defining the authority of the central government.

9. Effect on Articles of Confederation
TEK 8.5A
After the colonies declared independence, they had to create a new government. What were some of the major issues our new country faced, and how did they effect the Articles of Confederation?
Concerns
Effect on Articles of Confederation
How do we pay for the war?
How do we avoid another King George?
To avoid a strong central government, they decided that only the states could tax the people; therefore the states would have to pay for the war.
They decided to create a Confederation. A Confederation is when the states have most of the power and the federal government is very weak. The Articles of Confederation did not even allow for there to be any type of executive leader at the Federal level. No Executive Leader!
By 1787, what were some of the issues the new country was facing that led to a desire to restructure the federal government?
- states fighting amongst themselves
- no central leader to resolve the issues with new Spain over using the
Mississippi River
- debts from the war were not being paid
- Shay’s rebellion… what if another country attacked?

10. 8.6(A) Explain how the Northwest Ordinance established principles and procedures for orderly expansion of the United States.

11. TEK 8.6A
What was one good thing that came out of the Articles of Confederation?
the Northwest Ordinance
What did the Northwest Ordinance do?
* it created a plan for settling the lands west of the Appalachian Mountains and
* it established the steps for territories to apply for statehood
Where is the Northwest Territory?
all land:
- west of the Appalachian Mountains
- north of the Ohio River
- east of the Mississippi River
- south of the Great Lakes

12. 8.15(A) Identify the influence of ideas from historic documents, including: - the Magna Carta - the English Bill of Rights - the Mayflower Compact - the Federalist Papers - and selected Anti-Federalist writings on the U.S. system of government.

13. TEK 8.15A
What document was created in England in 1215 to put more restrictions on the kings power?
the Magna Carta
In the U.S, the president’s powers are also limited by the supreme law of the land. What is the supreme law of the land in the U.S.?
the U.S. Constitution

14. 8.15(B) Summarize the strengths and weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation.

15. TEK 8.15B Weak federal government Northwest Ordinance
1. Summarize the strengths and weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation.
Weaknesses
Strengths
Weak federal government
No central leader
Not able to tax
No federal Courts
Northwest Ordinance
(plan for territories
to become states)

16. 8.15(C) Identify colonial grievances listed in the Declaration of Independence and explain how those grievances were addressed in the U.S. Constitution and the Bill of Rights.

17. Grievances in the Declaration of Independence
TEK 8.15C
Grievances in the Declaration of Independence
How addressed in
the Constitution
Taxation w/o representation
Denial of trial by jury
Soldiers staying in peoples homes
King controlling judges salaries
Judges salaries guaranteed
Only elected officials in Congress can levy taxes
3th Amendment
7th Amendment

18. 8.15(D) Analyze how the U.S. Constitution reflects the principles of: - limited government - republicanism - separation of powers - checks and balances - federalism - and individual right.

19. 1787 TEK 8.15D 1. What are the 1st three words of the Constitution?.
We the People
What principle is expressed by the first three words of the Constitution?
popular sovereignty
What does popular sovereignty mean?
- it means the people hold the supreme power in the government and
- the government can only act with the consent of the governed
What was the name of the convention that met in Philadelphia to write the
Constitution?
the Constitutional Convention
When did they meet?
In 1787
6. Define federalism. (look at 10th amendment p. 221)
the sharing of powers between the U.S. and the states
Define republicanism.
a government run by elected representatives of the people
1787

20. TEK 8.15D (cont.) 8. Define separation of powers.
the U.S. government is divided into 3 branches:
- the Legislative Branch makes the laws
- the Executive Branch enforces the laws
- the Judicial Branch interprets the laws
Define checks and balances.
each of the braches above has powers over the other 2 to keep any one branch from abusing its’ power
Give an example of checks and balances.
1. The Legislative Branch passes a proposed law, but the president (Executive Branch)must approve it or veto it before it can become law.
2. If the president (Executive Branch) vetoes the proposed law, the Legislative Branch can override his veto and pass it anyway with a 2/3’s vote.
3. If both the Legislative and Executive Branches passes a law, the Judicial Branch can declare the law unconstitutional and throw it out.

21. TEK 8.15D
11. How does the Constitution check the presidents power to make treaties with
other countries?
all treaties must be approved by the Senate

22. 8.16(A) Summarize the purposes for and process of amending the Constitution.

23. + = Amendment TEK 8.16A 2/3’s 3/4’s
Which article in the Constitution allows changes or additions to be made to the Constitution through an amendment process?
Article V
Why did the founding fathers feel it necessary to include an amendment process?
so the Constitution can reflect changes that occur in our society through time
What is the process of passing an amendment?
1st it must be proposed in Congress
2nd it must be approved by 2/3’s of Congress
3rd it must be approved by 3/4’s of the States + =
Amendment
2/3’s
3/4’s

24. 8.17(A) Analyze the arguments of the Federalists and Anti-Federalists, including Alexander Hamilton, Patrick Henry, James Madison, and George Mason

25. TEK 8.17A
What do we call the Americans who wanted a stronger federal government and feared a bill of rights would in the long run limit our rights?
the Federalists
2. What did the Anti-Federalists believe?
states should be stronger than the federal government
the Constitution must have a bill of rights
What famous American was upset about the writing of the Constitution?
Patrick Henry – he believed the Constitutional Convention was only meant to fix the Articles of Confederation; he feared a strong federal government would take away people’s rights.
What was the Anti-Federalists’ biggest concern about the Constitution?
They believed that without a bill of rights, the Constitution did not protect individual freedoms.

26. 8.19(A) Define and give examples of unalienable rights.

27. TEK 8.19A Define unalienable rights.
rights that everyone is born with and can not be taken away without due process of law

28. 8.19(B) Summarize rights guaranteed in the Bill of Rights.

29. TEK 8.19B Which amendments make up the Bill of Rights?
the 1st ten amendments
2. What rights are protected by the Bill of Rights?
(review memory devices)
3. What does due process mean?
procedures put in place to protect the accused (innocent until proven guilty)
4. Which amendments are known as the due process amendments?
the 4th Amendment – no “unreasonable search or seizures”
the 5th Amendment – right to remain silent, right to an attorney
the 6th Amendment - right to a speedy trial
the 7th Amendment – right to a trial by jury
the 8th Amendment – no cruel or unusual punishment

30. 8. 19(D) Identify examples of responsible citizenship, including:
8.19(D) Identify examples of responsible citizenship, including: - obeying rules and laws - staying informed on public issues - voting and - serving on juries

31. TEK 8.19D Identify examples of responsible citizenship.
- obeying rules and laws
- staying informed on public issues
- voting and
- serving on juries

32. 8. 20(A) Explain the role of significant individuals such as:
8.20(A) Explain the role of significant individuals such as: - Thomas Hooker - Montesquieu - John Locke - William Blackstone and - William Penn in the development of self-government in colonial America.

33. TEK 8.20A
Which English philosopher influenced the founding fathers with his idea of
unalienable rights?
John Locke
Which French philosopher influenced the founding fathers with his idea of
separate but equal.
Charles Montesquieu

34. 8.21(B) Describe the importance of free speech and press in a constitutional republic.

35. TEK 8.21B
Why did the Founding Fathers feel it was so important to protect freedom of the press when they created the Bill of Rights?
they felt if the people were to maintain control of the government, they had to be kept informed of what is going on in the government

36. 8.25(C) Analyze the impact of the 1st Amendment guarantees of religious freedom on the America way of life.

37. TEK 8.25A
Several different churches within a few blocks of each other is a great example of
how which amendment has affected our lives?
The First Amendment guarantees our personal freedoms including freedom of religion
You choose!!!