1. Birth and the Newborn Baby

2. The Three Stages of Birth

3. The stages of childbirth
Dilation and effacement of the cervix
Delivery of the baby
Birth of the placenta

4. Assessing the newborn’s physical condition: The Apgar Scale(p133)
Appearance
Pulse
Grimace表情
Activity
Respiration

5. Elements of Natural, or Prepared, Childbirth
Classes
Relaxation &
Breathing Techniques
Labor Coach
Social support

6. Medical Interventions in Childbirth(p137)
Fetal Monitoring
Medication
Analgesics（止痛剂）
Anesthetics（麻醉剂）
Instrument Delivery
Induced Labor
Cesarean Delivery（剖腹产）

7. Instrument Delivery

8. Birth complications: Anoxia（缺氧症）
Oxygen deprivation at birth.
Can lead to brain damage or later cognitive, language problems
Cerebral palsy（脑瘫）
Causes include:
Squeezing by umbilical cord（脐带挤压）
Placenta abruption（胎盘剥离）
Failing to breathe after birth
Respiratory distress syndrome in preterm infants

9. Low Birth Weight and Disabilities

10. Preterm and Small-for-Date Babies
May be born at due date or preterm.
Below expected weight for length of pregnancy.
Preterm
Born weeks before their due date.
May be appropriate weight for length of pregnancy.

11. Interventions for Preterm Infants(p142)
Isolette（早产婴儿保育箱）
Respirator（呼吸器）
Feeding tube
Intravenous medication
静脉注射
Special Infant
Stimulation
Parent Training in Caregiving

12. Benefits of “Kangaroo Care”

13. Infant Mortality Around the World

14. Newborn Reflexes Eye Blink Sucking Swimming Moro惊跳反射（莫罗反射）
Palmar Grasp抓握反射（达尔文发射）
Tonic Neck强直的颈反射
Stepping行走反射
Babinski足趾反射（巴宾斯基反射）

15. Stepping

16. Palmar Grasp

17. Infant States of Arousal
Regular Sleep
Irregular Sleep
Drowsiness
Quiet Alertness
Waking Activity and Crying

18. Ways to Soothe a Crying Baby
Hold on shoulder and rock or walk
Swaddle
Pacifier
Ride in carriage, car, swing
Combine methods
Let cry for short time

19. Newborn Sense of Touch
Reflexive response to touch on mouth, palms, soles, genitals
Sensitive to pain
Pain can affect later behavior
Relieve pain with anesthetics, sugar, gentle holding

20. Newborn Senses of Taste and Smell
Prefer sweet tastes at birth
Quickly learn to like new tastes
Have odor preferences from birth
Can locate odors and identify mother by smell from birth

21. Newborn Sense of Hearing
Can hear a wide variety of sounds at birth
Prefer complex sounds to pure tones
Learn sound patterns
within days
Sensitive to voices and biologically prepared to learn language

22. Newborn Sense of Vision
Least developed of senses at birth
Unable to see long distances, focus clearly
Scan environment and try to track interesting objects
Color vision improves in first two months

23. Adjustments to Parenthood(p157)
Physical
Schedule
Financial
Time
Gender roles
Parents’ relationship
Pre-birth counseling
Interventions for high-risk couples