1. Copyright © 2011 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. McGraw-Hill/Irwin Chapter 2 Reporting Intercorporate Investments and Consolidation of Wholly Owned Subsidiaries with No Differential

2. 2-2 Learning Objective 1 Understand and explain how ownership and control can influence the accounting for investments in common stock. Understand and explain how ownership and control can influence the accounting for investments in common stock.

3. 2-3 Accounting for Investments in Common Stock The method used to account for investments in common stock depends on: the level of influence or control that the investor is able to exercise over the investee. choices made by the investor because of options available.

4. 2-4 Financial Reporting Basis by Ownership Level

5. 2-5 0% 20%50% 100% No significant influence Significant influence Control Ownership Percentage Account for as trading, AFS, or Cost Investments Equity method or Fair Value Option Usually equity method and consolidation (but cost method is also okay here) Why is the cost method okay? Investment vs. Ownership  Consolidation eliminates the investment account and replaces it with “the detail.”

6. 2-6 Accounting for Investments in Common Stock  The Cost Method Used for reporting investments in equity securities when both consolidation and equity-method reporting are inappropriate  The Equity Method Used when the investor exercises significant influence over the operating and financial policies of the investee and consolidation is not appropriate May not be used in place of consolidation if consolidation is appropriate Its primary use is in reporting nonsubsidiary investments

7. 2-7 Accounting for Investments in Common Stock  Consolidation Involves combining for financial reporting the individual assets, liabilities, revenues, and expenses of two or more related companies as if they were part of a single company Normally is appropriate when one company, referred to as the parent, controls another company, referred to as a subsidiary A subsidiary that is not consolidated with the parent is referred to as an unconsolidated subsidiary and is shown as an investment on the parent’s balance sheet.

8. 2-8 Practice Quiz Question #1 If Company A purchases 45% of the outstanding common stock of Company B, the investment in Company B should be accounted for a.as an available-for-sale investment. b.as a consolidated subsidiary. c.as a trading investment. d.as an equity method investment. e.none of the above. If Company A purchases 45% of the outstanding common stock of Company B, the investment in Company B should be accounted for a.as an available-for-sale investment. b.as a consolidated subsidiary. c.as a trading investment. d.as an equity method investment. e.none of the above.

9. 2-9 Practice Quiz Question #1 Solution If Company A purchases 45% of the outstanding common stock of Company B, the investment in Company B should be accounted for a.as an available-for-sale investment. b.as a consolidated subsidiary. c.as a trading investment. d.as an equity method investment. e.none of the above. If Company A purchases 45% of the outstanding common stock of Company B, the investment in Company B should be accounted for a.as an available-for-sale investment. b.as a consolidated subsidiary. c.as a trading investment. d.as an equity method investment. e.none of the above.

10. 2-10 Learning Objective 2 Prepare journal entries using the cost method for accounting for investments

11. 2-11 The Cost Method: How It Works  Record the investment at “cost.”  General Rule: Leave it on the books at cost. P S

12. 2-12 The Cost Method: How It Works  Review Assume P Corp creates a subsidiary, S Corp, and invests $100,000 cash in exchange for all of the $1 par common stock (1,000 shares). What journal entries would P and S make at the time of the investment? P Corp: Investment in S Corp100,000 Cash100,000 S Corp: Cash100,000 Common Stock 1,000 Additional PIC—CS 99,000 P S

13. 2-13 The Cost Method: How It Works  General Rule The investment remains on parent’s books at cost Record income at the parent level ONLY when sub declares a dividend. Generally, the sub’s income does not affect parent’s investment account balance. However, the parent cannot ignore the sub’s losses. Parent writes-down investment ONLY IF value has been impaired. Write-downs result in a NEW cost basis.

14. 2-14 The Cost Method: How It Works  The cost method is a one-way street!  The investment can be written down—but never written up. Investment Account Cost Impairment Loss New Cost Basis

15. 2-15 The Cost Method: Pros & Cons  Pros Minimal G/L bookkeeping by parent Simple consolidation procedures  Cons Overly conservative valuation Parent can manipulate its reported income. Why? Parent controls when sub pays dividends! PCO statements—if used internally or issued— may be misleading.

16. 2-16 The Cost Method: Key Concept Although the parent can manipulate its own reported net income, it can never manipulate consolidated net income.

17. 2-17 The Cost Method  Used when the investor lacks the ability either to control or to exercise significant influence over the investee.  Accounting Procedures The cost method is consistent with the treatment normally accorded noncurrent assets.

18. 2-18 The Cost Method  At the time of purchase, the investor records its investment in common stock at the total cost incurred in making the purchase.  The investment continues to be carried at its original cost until the time of sale.  Income from the investment is recognized as dividends are declared by the investee.  Recognition of investment income before a dividend declaration is inappropriate.

19. 2-19 Example: The Cost Method ABC Company acquires 20 percent of XYZ Company’s common stock for $100,000 at the beginning of the year but does not gain significant influence over XYZ. During the year, XYZ has net income of $60,000 and pays dividends of $20,000. ABC Company records the following entries: Investment in XYZ Company Stock100,000 Cash100,000 Record purchase of XYZ Company stock. Cash4,000 Dividend Income4,000 Record dividend income from XYZ Company stock: $20,000 x 0.20.

20. 2-20 The Cost Method  Declaration of dividends in excess of earnings since acquisition Liquidating dividends: Dividends declared by the investee in excess of its earnings since acquisition by the investor from the investor’s viewpoint The investor’s share of these liquidating dividends is treated as a return of capital, and the investment account balance is reduced by that amount. These dividends usually are not liquidating dividends from the investee’s point of view.  Acquisition at interim date Does not create any major problems when the cost method is used. Potential difficulty: liquidating dividend determination

21. 2-21 The Cost Method  Changes in the number of shares held Changes resulting from stock dividends, stock splits, or reverse splits receive no formal recognition in the accounts of the investor  Purchases of additional shares Recorded at cost similar to initial purchase New percentage ownership is calculated to determine whether switch to the equity method is required  Sales of shares Accounted for in the same manner as the sale of any other noncurrent asset

22. 2-22 Practice Quiz Question #2 Under the cost method, a sub’s dividends would: a.NOT be eliminated in consolidation. b.be the parent’s income from investment. c.decrease the parent’s investment account. d.increase the parent’s investment account. e.none of the above. Under the cost method, a sub’s dividends would: a.NOT be eliminated in consolidation. b.be the parent’s income from investment. c.decrease the parent’s investment account. d.increase the parent’s investment account. e.none of the above.

23. 2-23 Practice Quiz Question #2 Solution Under the cost method, a sub’s dividends would: a.NOT be eliminated in consolidation. b.be the parent’s income from investment. c.decrease the parent’s investment account. d.increase the parent’s investment account. e.none of the above. Under the cost method, a sub’s dividends would: a.NOT be eliminated in consolidation. b.be the parent’s income from investment. c.decrease the parent’s investment account. d.increase the parent’s investment account. e.none of the above.

24. 2-24 Learning Objective 3 Prepare journal entries using the equity method for accounting for investments.

25. 2-25 The Equity Method: How It Works  The equity method is accrual basis driven: Record income at the parent level based on sub’s earnings and losses—a built in valuation technique. It isn’t the same as fair value accounting. Nevertheless, the investment generally goes up and down based on the operations of the investee company. Sub’s dividends reduce the parent’s investment (the parent has less invested). Investment in Sub Cost Dividends Adj. Bal. Income Losses Income from Sub Income Losses

26. 2-26 The Equity Method: How It Works The equity method is a two-way street! The investment can be: 1.written up based on the sub’s income AND 2.wri tten down based on sub losses and dividends

27. 2-27 The Equity Method: Pros and Cons  Pros Based on economic activity—not the parent- controlled dividend policy. Has two built-in checking figures: Consolidated NI = Parent’s NI Consolidated RE = Parent’s RE  Cons Requires continual bookkeeping. Unnecessary work if PCO statements are not used internally or issued to outsiders.

28. 2-28 The Equity Method  The equity method is intended to reflect the investor’s changing equity or interest in the investee.  The investment is recorded at the initial purchase price and adjusted each period for the investor’s share of the investee’s profits or losses and the dividends declared by the investee.

29. 2-29 The Equity Method  APB Opinion No. 18 (as amended) requires that the equity method be used for: 1.Corporate joint ventures 2.Companies in which the investor’s voting stock interest gives the investor the “ability to exercise significant influence over operating and financial policies” of that company  “Significant influence” criterion – 20 percent rule In the absence of evidence to the contrary, an investor holding 20 percent or more of an investee’s voting stock is presumed to have the ability to exercise significant influence over the investee.

30. 2-30 The Equity Method  Investor’s equity in the investee The investor records its investment at the original cost This amount is adjusted periodically: Reported by InvesteeEffect on Investor’s Accounts Net incomeRecord income from investment Increase investment account Net lossRecord loss from investment Decrease investment account Dividend declarationRecord asset (cash or receivable) Decrease investment account

31. 2-31 Example: The Equity Method ABC Company acquires significant influence over XYZ Company by purchasing 20 percent of the common stock of the XYZ Company for $100,000, XYZ earns income of $60,000 and pays dividends of $20,000. Investment in XYZ Company Stock12,000 Income from Investee12,000 Record income from investment in XYZ Company ($60,000 x 0.20).  Recognition of income This entry (equity accrual) is normally is made as an adjusting entry at the end of the period If the investee reports a loss, the investor recognizes its share of the loss and reduces the carrying amount of the investment by that amount

32. 2-32 Example: The Equity Method  Recognition of dividends  Carrying amount of the investment Cash4,000 Investment in XYZ Company Stock4,000 Record receipt of dividend from XYZ Company ($20,000 x 0.20). Investment in XYZ Common Stock Original Cost100,000 Equity Accrual (60,000 x 0.20)12,000 Ending Balance108,000 Dividends ($20,000 x 0.20)4,000

33. 2-33 The Equity Method  Acquisition at Interim Date No income earned by the investee before the date of acquisition may be accrued by the investor  Acquisition between balance sheet dates The amount of income earned by the investee from the date of acquisition to the end of the fiscal period may need to be estimated by the investor in recording the equity accrual

34. 2-34 The Equity Method  Purchases of additional shares If the equity method was being used to account for shares already held, the acquisition involves adding the cost of the new shares to the investment account and applying the equity method from the date of acquisition forward. New and old investments in the same stock are combined for financial reporting purposes.

35. 2-35 The Equity Method  Sale of shares Treated the same as the sale of any noncurrent asset First, the investment account is adjusted to the date of sale for the investor’s share of the investee’s current earnings Then, a gain or loss is recognized for the difference between the proceeds received and the carrying amount of the shares sold If only part of the investment is sold, the investor must decide whether to continue using the equity method or to change to the cost method

36. 2-36 Practice Quiz Question #3 Under the equity method, a sub’s dividends would: a.NOT be eliminated in consolidation. b.be the parent’s income from investment. c.decrease the parent’s investment account. d.increase the parent’s investment account. e.none of the above. Under the equity method, a sub’s dividends would: a.NOT be eliminated in consolidation. b.be the parent’s income from investment. c.decrease the parent’s investment account. d.increase the parent’s investment account. e.none of the above.

37. 2-37 Practice Quiz Question #3 Solution Under the equity method, a sub’s dividends would: a.NOT be eliminated in consolidation. b.be the parent’s income from investment. c.decrease the parent’s investment account. d.increase the parent’s investment account. e.none of the above. Under the equity method, a sub’s dividends would: a.NOT be eliminated in consolidation. b.be the parent’s income from investment. c.decrease the parent’s investment account. d.increase the parent’s investment account. e.none of the above.

38. 2-38 Practice Quiz Question #4 Under the equity method, a sub’s losses would: a.never reduce the parent’s income. b.normally reduce the parent’s income. c.always reduce the parent’s income. d.always be eliminated in consolidation. e.none of the above. Under the equity method, a sub’s losses would: a.never reduce the parent’s income. b.normally reduce the parent’s income. c.always reduce the parent’s income. d.always be eliminated in consolidation. e.none of the above.

39. 2-39 Practice Quiz Question #4 Solution Under the equity method, a sub’s losses would: a.never reduce the parent’s income. b.normally reduce the parent’s income. c.always reduce the parent’s income. d.always be eliminated in consolidation. e.none of the above. Under the equity method, a sub’s losses would: a.never reduce the parent’s income. b.normally reduce the parent’s income. c.always reduce the parent’s income. d.always be eliminated in consolidation. e.none of the above.

40. 2-40 Learning Objective 4 Understand and explain differences between the cost and equity methods.

41. 2-41 The Cost and Equity Methods Compared ItemCost MethodEquity Method Recorded amount of investment at date of acquisition Original costOriginal Cost Usual carrying amount of investment subsequent to acquisition Original costOriginal cost increased (decreased) by investor’s share of investee’s income (loss) and decreased by investor’s share of investee’s dividends Income recognition by investor Investor’s share of investee’s dividends declared from earnings since acquisition Investor’s share of investee’s earnings since acquisition, whether distributed or not Investee dividends from earnings since acquisition by investor IncomeReduction of investment Investee dividends in excess of earnings since acquisition by investor Reduction of investment

42. 2-42 Example: Equity Method versus Cost Method  What if Parent uses the cost method?  What journal entries would Parent make under each method? Investment in Sub Beginning balance500 Ending balance400 Net income200 Ending balance550 Net Loss100 Dividends50 Pea Corporation created Soup Corporation with a transfer of $500 cash. During Soup Corp.’s first year of operations, it generated a net loss of $100 and paid no dividends. During Soup Corp.’s second year of operations, it generated net income of $200 and paid dividends of $50. What is the balance in the Investment in Sub account on Parent’s books at the end of year 2 using the equity method? $500 COST!!!

43. 2-43 Summary of Year 1 Equity Method Entries Investment in Soup Corp.500 Cash500 Record the initial investment in Soup Corp. Income from Soup Corp.100 Investment in Soup. Corp.100 Record Pea Corp.’s 100% share of Soup Corp.’s Year 1 net loss. Investment in Soup Corp. Acquisition Price500 Ending Balance400 Net Loss100 Dividends0 Income from Soup Corp. Net Loss100 Ending Balance100

44. 2-44 Summary of Year 2 Equity Method Entries Investment in Soup Corp.200 Income from Soup Corp.200 Record Pea Corp.’s 100% share of Soup Corp.’s Year 2 income. Cash50 Investment in Soup. Corp.50 Record Pea Corp.’s 100% share of Soup Corp.’s Year 2 dividends Beginning Balance400 Net Income200 Ending Balance550 Dividends50 Net Income 200 Ending Balance 200 Investment in Soup Corp.Income from Soup Corp.

45. 2-45 Example: Equity versus Cost Method Equity Method Investment in Soup Corp.500 Cash500 Income from Soup Corp.100 Investment in Soup Corp.100 Investment in Soup Corp.200 Income from Soup Corp.200 Dividends Receivable50 Investment in Soup Corp.50 Cost Method Investment in Soup Corp.500 Cash500 No Entry Dividends Receivable50 Dividend Income50

46. 2-46 Practice Quiz Question #5 On 1/1/X4, Phillip invested $650,000 in Sleeper (100% owned). For 20X4, Sleeper: (1) earned $90,000, (2) declared dividends of $60,000, and (3) paid dividends of $40,000. What amounts does Phillip report? CostEquity Investment income for 20X4 Investment in Sleeper at year-end Retained earnings increase On 1/1/X4, Phillip invested $650,000 in Sleeper (100% owned). For 20X4, Sleeper: (1) earned $90,000, (2) declared dividends of $60,000, and (3) paid dividends of $40,000. What amounts does Phillip report? CostEquity Investment income for 20X4 Investment in Sleeper at year-end Retained earnings increase

47. 2-47 Practice Quiz Question #5 Solution On 1/1/X4, Phillip invested $650,000 in Sleeper (100% owned). For 20X4, Sleeper: (1) earned $90,000, (2) declared dividends of $60,000, and (3) paid dividends of $40,000. What amounts does Phillip report? CostEquity Investment income for 20X4$60,000$90,000 Investment in Sleeper at year-end$650,000$680,000 Retained earnings increase$60,000$90,000 On 1/1/X4, Phillip invested $650,000 in Sleeper (100% owned). For 20X4, Sleeper: (1) earned $90,000, (2) declared dividends of $60,000, and (3) paid dividends of $40,000. What amounts does Phillip report? CostEquity Investment income for 20X4$60,000$90,000 Investment in Sleeper at year-end$650,000$680,000 Retained earnings increase$60,000$90,000

48. 2-48 Learning Objective 5 Prepare journal entries using the fair value option.

49. 2-49 The Fair Value Option  FASB 159 permits but does not require companies to make fair value measurements Option available only for investments that are not required to be consolidated Rather than using the cost or equity method to report nonsubsidiary investments in common stock, investors may report those investments at fair value The investor remeasures the investment to its fair value at the end of each period The change in value is then recognized in income for the period Normally the investor recognizes dividend income in the same manner as under the cost method

50. 2-50 Example: The Fair Value Option Ajax Corporation purchases 40 percent of Barclay Company’s common stock on January 1, 20X1, for $200,000. Barclay has net assets on that date with a book value of $400,000 and fair value of $465,000. On March 1, 20X1, Ajax receives a cash dividend of $1,500 from Barclay. On March 31, 20X1, Ajax determines the fair value of its investment in Barclay to be $207,000. During the first quarter of 20X1, Ajax records the following entries: January 1, 20X1 Investment in Barclay Stock200,000 Cash200,000 Record purchase of Barclay Company stock. March1, 20X1 Cash1,500 Dividend Income1,500 Record dividend income from Barclay Company. March 31, 20X1 Investment in Barclay Stock7,000 Unrealized Gain on Increase in Value of Barclay Stock7,000 Record increase in value of Barclay stock.

51. 2-51 Learning Objective 6 Make calculations and prepare basic elimination entries for a simple consolidation. Make calculations and prepare basic elimination entries for a simple consolidation.

52. 2-52 Overview of the Consolidation Process  Chapter 2 introduces the most simple setting for a consolidation. The subsidiary is wholly owned. It is either a created subsidiary or we assume it is purchased for an amount equal to the book value of net assets. Wholly Owned Subsidiary Partially Owned Subsidiary Investment = Book ValueChapter 2Chapter 3 Investment > Book ValueChapter 4Chapter 5

53. 2-53 Overview of the Consolidation Process  The objective is to combine the financial statements of two or more entities as if they are a single corporation.  The consolidation worksheet facilitates the combining of the two companies.  Certain accounts need to be eliminated in the consolidation process to avoid “double counting.” Replaces “one-line” consolidation with the “detail.”

54. 2-54 The Consolidation Worksheet (Fig. 2-3, p. 68) Elimination Entries ParentSubsidiaryDRCRConsolidated Income Statement Revenues Expense Net Income Statement of Retained Earnings Retained Earnings (1/1) Add: Net Income Less: Dividends Retained Earnings (12/31) Balance Sheet Assets Total Assets Liabilities Equity Common Stock Retained Earnings Total Liabilities and Equity

55. 2-55 Overview of the Consolidation Process  In the consolidation worksheet, the three financial statements need to articulate. Net income from the income statement carries down to the statement of retained earnings. The ending balance in retained earnings carries down to the balance sheet.  Elimination entries are entered into the “Elimination Entries” column (debit or credit) to eliminate any amounts that would result in “double counting.”

56. 2-56 The Basic Elimination Entry: The Equity Method  What needs to be eliminated? The parent’s investment account It represents the initial investment adjusted for the parent’s cumulative share of the subsidiary’s income and dividends. The parent’s income from sub account The subsidiary’s equity accounts

57. 2-57 Example: Equity Method  What accounts need to be eliminated?  How are they eliminated? Investment in Sub Beginning balance500 Ending balance400 Net income200 Ending balance550 Net Loss100 Dividends50 Pea Corporation created Soup Corporation with a transfer of $500 cash. During Soup Corp.’s first year of operations, it generated a net loss of $100 and paid no dividends. During Soup Corp.’s second year of operations, it generated net income of $200 and paid dividends of $50. What is the balance in the Investment in Sub account on Parent’s books at the end of year 2 using the equity method?

58. 2-58 The Basic Elimination Entry: Equity Method  The investment account represents the initial investment adjusted for the parents cumulative share of the subsidiary’s income and dividends.  Therefore, the elimination entry eliminates: The subsidiary’s paid-in capital accounts (original investment) Beginning retained earnings (past earnings / dividends) The subsidiary’s current year earnings and dividends  Generically, it looks like this: Common StockXXX Additional Paid-in CapitalXXX Retained Earnings (Beginning Balance)XXX Income from SubXXX Dividends DeclaredXXX Investment in SubXXX

59. 2-59 Basic Elimination Entry The Basic Elimination Entry: Equity Method Additional TotalCommonPaid-InRetained Book ValueStockCapitalEarnings Beginning Book Value400)50450(100) + Net Income200)200)  Dividends(50)(50) Ending Book Value550)5045050) =++ Common Stock Additional Paid-in Capital Income from Soup Corp. Retained Earnings (BB) Dividends Declared Investment in Soup Corp.  Original amount invested (100%)  Soup Corp.’s reported income  Beginning balance in retained earnings  100% of Soup Corp.’s dividends  Net book value in investment account Note that the “blue” numbers appear in the basic elimination entry. Note that this is a deficit balance!

60. 2-60 Basic Elimination Entry The Basic Elimination Entry: Equity Method Additional TotalCommonPaid-InRetained Book ValueStockCapitalEarnings Beginning Book Value400)50450(100) + Net Income200)200)  Dividends(50)(50) Ending Book Value550)5045050) =++ Common Stock50 Additional Paid-in Capital450 Income from Soup Corp.200 Retained Earnings (BB) 100 Dividends Declared50 Investment in Soup Corp.550  Original amount invested (100%)  Soup Corp.’s reported income  Beginning balance in retained earnings  100% of Soup Corp.’s dividends  Net book value in investment account Note that the “blue” numbers appear in the basic elimination entry. Note that this is a deficit balance!

61. 2-61 Basic Elimination Entry: The Equity Method Basic Elimination Entry Common Stock50 Additional Paid-in Capital450 Income from Soup Corp.200 Retained Earnings (BB) 100 Dividends Declared50 Investment in Soup Corp.550 Beginning Balance400 Net Income200 Ending Balance550 0 Dividends50 550 Net Income 200 Ending Balance 200 0 Investment in Soup Corp.Income from Soup Corp. Basic200

62. 2-62 Learning Objective 7 Prepare a consolidation worksheet.

63. 2-63 Worksheet: Pre-Consolidation Balances

64. 2-64 Worksheet: Draw lines

65. 2-65 Worksheet: Eliminations, Sub-totals, Carry down

66. 2-66 Worksheet: Eliminations, Sub-totals, Carry down

67. 2-67 Worksheet: Add across

68. 2-68 Worksheet: Add across

69. 2-69 Worksheet: Add across

70. 2-70 Worksheet: Add across

71. 2-71 Worksheet: Add across

72. 2-72 Worksheet: Add across

73. 2-73 Worksheet: Add across

74. 2-74 Worksheet: Add across

75. 2-75 Worksheet: Add across

76. 2-76 Worksheet: Add across

77. 2-77 Worksheet: Add across

78. 2-78 Worksheet: Add across

79. 2-79 Worksheet: Add across

80. 2-80 Worksheet: Add across

81. 2-81 Worksheet: Add across

82. 2-82 Worksheet: Add across

83. 2-83 Worksheet: Add across

84. 2-84 Worksheet: Add across

85. 2-85 Worksheet: Add across

86. 2-86 The Equity Method: Things to Remember in Consolidation  Consolidated net income EQUALS the parent’s net income.  Consolidated retained earnings EQUALS the parent’s retained earnings. Parent Consolidated $350 = $350 Parent Consolidated $400 = $400

87. 2-87 REQUIRED Assume Pinkett acquired Smith on 1/1/11 Prepare all elimination entries as of 12/31/11. Prepare a consolidation worksheet at 12/31/11. Assume Smith’s accumulated depreciation on 1/1/11 was $20,000. Group Exercise 1

88. 2-88 Basic Elimination Entry Group Exercise 1 TotalCommonRetained Book ValueStockEarnings Original Book Value + Net Income  Dividends Ending Book Value =+ Common Stock Retained Earnings (BB) Income from Smith, Inc. Dividends Declared Investment in Smith, Inc. Objective:  Eliminate equity accounts of Sub  Eliminate equity method accounts of Parent. Book Value Calculations

89. 2-89 Basic Elimination Entry Group Exercise 1: Solution TotalCommonRetained Book ValueStockEarnings Original Book Value132,000)60,00072,000) + Net Income36,000)36,000)  Dividends(12,000)(12,000) Ending Book Value156,000)60,00096,000) =+ Common Stock Retained Earnings (BB) Income from Smith, Inc. Dividends Declared Investment in Smith, Inc. Objective:  Eliminate equity accounts of Sub  Eliminate equity method accounts of Parent. Book Value Calculations Note that the “blue” numbers appear in the basic elimination entry.

90. 2-90 Basic Elimination Entry Group Exercise 1: Solution TotalCommonRetained Book ValueStockEarnings Original Book Value132,000)60,00072,000) + Net Income36,000)36,000)  Dividends(12,000)(12,000) Ending Book Value156,000)60,00096,000) =+ Common Stock60,000 Retained Earnings (BB) 72,000 Income from Smith, Inc.36,000 Dividends Declared12,000 Investment in Smith, Inc.156,000 Objective:  Eliminate equity accounts of Sub  Eliminate equity method accounts of Parent. Book Value Calculations

91. 2-91 Group Exercise 1: Solution The optional accumulated depreciation elimination entry: Accumulated Depreciation20,000 Buildings and Equipment20,000 210,000 20,000 Property, Plant & EquipmentAccumulated Depreciation

92. 2-92 Group Exercise 1: Solution The optional accumulated depreciation elimination entry: Accumulated Depreciation20,000 Buildings and Equipment20,000 210,000 190,000 20,000 0 Property, Plant & EquipmentAccumulated Depreciation Shows the Buildings and Equipment “as if” they have been recorded on the Sub’s books as new assets at book value. 20,000

93. 2-93 Group Exercise 1: Solution

94. 2-94 Group Exercise 1: Solution

95. 2-95 Appendix 2B Consolidation and the Cost Method.

96. 2-96 Consolidation Entries: Cost Method — Pre-Consolidation Balances

97. 2-97 The Basic Elimination Entry: The Cost Method  Cost Method The investment account is generally exactly equal to the sum of the subsidiary’s paid-in capital accounts. Unless the parent records an impairment loss. Under the cost method, we also eliminate dividends from sub to parent. Common Stock50 Additional Paid-in Capital450 Investment in Sub500 Dividend Income50 Dividends Declared50

98. 2-98 Consolidation Entries: Cost Method — Complete the Worksheet

99. 2-99 Consolidation Entries: Cost Method — Complete the Worksheet

100. 2-100 Consolidation Entries: Cost Method — Complete the Worksheet

101. 2-101 Consolidation Entries: Cost Method — Complete the Worksheet

102. 2-102 Consolidation Entries: Cost Method — Complete the Worksheet

103. 2-103 Consolidation Entries: Cost Method — Complete the Worksheet

104. 2-104 Consolidation Entries: Cost Method — Complete the Worksheet

105. 2-105 Consolidation Entries: Cost Method — Complete the Worksheet

106. 2-106 Consolidation Entries: Cost Method — Complete the Worksheet

107. 2-107 Consolidation Entries: Cost Method — Complete the Worksheet

108. 2-108 Consolidation Entries: Cost Method — Complete the Worksheet

109. 2-109 Consolidation Entries: Cost Method — Complete the Worksheet

110. 2-110 Consolidation Entries: Cost Method — Complete the Worksheet

111. 2-111 Consolidation Entries: Cost Method — Complete the Worksheet

112. 2-112 Consolidation Entries: Cost Method — Complete the Worksheet

113. 2-113 Consolidation Entries: Cost Method — Complete the Worksheet

114. 2-114 Consolidation Entries: Cost Method — Complete the Worksheet

115. 2-115 Group Exercise 1: Cost Method Consolidation REQUIRED Prepare all consolidation entries as of 12/31/X3. Prepare a consolidation worksheet at 12/31/X3. What is the maximum dividend the parent could declare ($84,000 or $180,000) if cash were available?

116. 2-116 Group Exercise 1: Cost Method Consolidation Investment elimination entry Common Stock60,000 Investment in Sub60,000 Dividend elimination entry Dividend Income12,000 Dividend Declared12,000 Basic Elimination Entry

117. 2-117 Group Exercise 1: Cost Method Consolidation Solution

118. 2-118 The Cost Method: Things to Remember in Consolidation  Consolidated net income does NOT equal the parent’s net income.  Consolidated retained earnings does NOT equal the parent’s retained earnings. PSSub’s DivCONS $200 + $200  $50 = $350 PSCONS $350 + $50 = $400

119. 2-119 Consolidation: The Most Important Point of All on Investment Basis The consolidated statement amounts are identical whether the parent uses the cost method or the equity method—this holds true for all three statements. Equity Method Consolidated Statements Cost Method Consolidated Statements =

120. 2-120 PCO Statements: Presented in Notes to the Consolidated Statements  Retained Earnings Available for Dividends: Based on the parent’s G/L amount—not on the consolidated retained earnings amount. Use of the equity method in PCO statements produces identical retained earnings amounts. Use of the cost method in PCO statements creates confusion.

121. 2-121 Conclusion The End