1. 2.03 Remember the structures of the lymphatic system

2. 2.03 Remember the structures of the lymphatic system
What are the structures of the lymphatic system?
2.03 Remember the stuctures of the lymphatic system

3. Structures of the lymphatic system
Lymph fluid
Lymph vessels
Lymph nodes
Lymph glands
2.03 Remember the stuctures of the lymphatic system

4. 2.03 Remember the stuctures of the lymphatic system
Lymph System is supplemental to circulatory system. Composed of lymph, lymph nodes, lymph vessels, the spleen, the thymus gland, lymphoid tissue in the intestinal tract, and the tonsils. System contains no pump.
2.03 Remember the stuctures of the lymphatic system

5. Structures of the lymphatic system
Lymph fluid
-Similar in composition to blood plasma
2.03 Remember the stuctures of the lymphatic system

6. 2.03 Remember the stuctures of the lymphatic system
Straw colored
Diffuses from the capillaries into tissue spaces
Fills surrounding spaces between tissue cells also referred to as intercellular, interstitial fluid, or tissue fluid
Composed of water, lymphocytes, oxygen, nutrients, hormones, salts, CO, and urea
2.03 Remember the stuctures of the lymphatic system

7. Structures of the lymphatic system
Lymph vessels
Closely parallel the veins
2.03 Remember the structures of the lymphatic system

8. 2.03 Remember the stuctures of the lymphatic system
Vessels
Located in almost all tissues and organs that have blood vessels
Not found in cuticle, nails, or hair
Capillaries are not found in cartilage, CNS, epidermis, eyeball, inner ear, or spleen
Two main large lymphatics: thoracic duct and right lymphatic duct
Only travels in one direction; from body organs to the heart
2.03 Remember the stuctures of the lymphatic system

9. Structures of the lymphatic system
Lymph vessels parallel to blood vessels
2.03 Remember the stuctures of the lymphatic system

10. Structures of the lymphatic system
Lymph vessels
Lacteals
Specialized lymph vessels in the small intestines
2.03 Remember the stuctures of the lymphatic system

11. Structures of the lymphatic system
Lymph vessels
Lymphatic ducts
2 Large lymph vessels
Thoracic duct
Also called the left lymphatic duct
receives lymph from the left side as pictured
Right lymphatic duct
Lymph flows only in one direction
2.03 Remember the stuctures of the lymphatic system

12. Structures of the lymphatic system
Lymph nodes
tiny, oval-shaped structures
range in size from a pinhead to an almond
Lymph node
2.03 Remember the stuctures of the lymphatic system

13. Structures of the lymphatic system
Lymph nodes
Where are lymph nodes located?
Why are there so many?
2.03 Remember the stuctures of the lymphatic system

14. Structures of the lymphatic system
Tonsils
3 pairs
masses of lymphatic tissue
Palatine tonsils
sides of throat
Adenoids
upper throat
Lingual tonsils
back of tongue
2.03 Remember the stuctures of the lymphatic system

15. Structures of the lymphatic system
Say “aahhh”
Why this is helpful?
2.03 Remember the stuctures of the lymphatic system

16. Structures of the lymphatic system
Spleen
Sac-like mass of lymphatic tissue
Located in the LUQ just below diaphragm
Stores large amount of RBC’s
Destroys and removes old RBC’s
2.03 Remember the stuctures of the lymphatic system

17. Structures of the lymphatic system
Thymus gland
Located in the upper, anterior part of the thorax, above the heart.
Produces lymphocytes
Also an endocrine gland
2.03 Remember the stuctures of the lymphatic system

18. 2.03 Remember the structures of the lymphatic system
What are the structures of the lymphatic system?
2.03 Remember the stuctures of the lymphatic system

19. 2.04 Understand the functions and disorders of the lymphatic system

20. 2.04 Understand the functions and disorders of the lymphatic system
What are the functions of the lymphatic system?
What is the importance of the lymphatic system as it relates to immunity?
How do you relate the body’s use of nutrients to the lymphatic system?
What are some disorders of the lymphatic system and how are they treated?
2.04 Understand the functions and disorders of the lymphatic system

21. 2.04 Understand the functions and disorders of the lymphatic system
What are the functions of the lymphatic system?
1 Lymph Fluid?
2 Lymph vessels?
3 Lymph nodes?
4 Spleen? (4 things)
5 Thymus gland
2.04 Understand the functions and disorders of the lymphatic system

22. 2.04 Understand the functions and disorders of the lymphatic system
Fluid balance
Why is this important?
What happens during this process?
What is the relevance to health?
What system helps with this?
____Fluid IN
____Fluid
OUT
2.04 Understand the functions and disorders of the lymphatic system

23. 2.04 Understand the functions and disorders of the lymphatic system
Fluid Balance
Lymph Vessels : transport excess fluid back to system?
Lymph Nodes : filter out harmful bacteria
2.04 Understand the functions and disorders of the lymphatic system

24. 2.04 Understand the functions and disorders of the lymphatic system
Lymphocyte production
What are lymphocytes?
What do they do?
What is their relevance to health?
2.04 Understand the functions and disorders of the lymphatic system

25. 2.04 Understand the functions and disorders of the lymphatic system
Lymphocyte : type of leukocyte. They responsible for immune responses. There are two main types of lymphocytes: B cells and T cells.
What do they do?
Health relevance?
STRUCTURES: Lymph nodes, Spleen, and Thymus gland all produce lymphocytes.
2.04 Understand the functions and disorders of the lymphatic system

26. 2.04 Understand the functions and disorders of the lymphatic system
Filtration
What does a filter do?
How do filters relate to the lymphatic system?
2.04 Understand the functions and disorders of the lymphatic system

27. 2.04 Understand the functions and disorders of the lymphatic system
Lymph Fluid:
Intermediary between blood in capillaries and tissues
2.04 Understand the functions and disorders of the lymphatic system

28. 2.04 Understand the functions and disorders of the lymphatic system
Lymph Vessels:
Transport fluid
2.04 Understand the functions and disorders of the lymphatic system

29. 2.04 Understand the functions and disorders of the lymphatic system
Lymph Nodes:
Produce lymphocytes
Filter out harmful bacteria
2.04 Understand the functions and disorders of the lymphatic system

30. 2.04 Understand the functions and disorders of the lymphatic system
Spleen:
Produce lymphocytes and monocytes
Reservoir for blood in case of emergency
Recycling plant for RBC’s; preserving hemoglobin
2.04 Understand the functions and disorders of the lymphatic system

31. 2.04 Understand the functions and disorders of the lymphatic system
Thymus Gland:
Produces T-lymphocytes
2.04 Understand the functions and disorders of the lymphatic system

32. 2.04 Understand the functions and disorders of the lymphatic system
Immunity Notes
Handout
2.04 Understand the functions and disorders of the lymphatic system

33. 2.04 Understand the functions and disorders of the lymphatic system
Immunity
What is immunity?
Immunity – the body’s ability to resist pathogens and foreign materials - two general types – natural and acquired.
2.04 Understand the functions and disorders of the lymphatic system

34. 2.04 Understand the functions and disorders of the lymphatic system
Natural immunity :
NATURAL IMMUNITY (Innate) – at birth, inherited and permanent.
Includes anatomical barriers:
Unbroken skin
Mucus and tears
Blood phagocytes
Local inflammation
2.04 Understand the functions and disorders of the lymphatic system

35. 2.04 Understand the functions and disorders of the lymphatic system
Natural immunity
Discuss the body’s natural immune processes seen in this picture.
2.04 Understand the functions and disorders of the lymphatic system

36. 2.04 Understand the functions and disorders of the lymphatic system
Acquired immunity: Active
NATURAL ACQUIRED IMMUNITY - result of having had and recovered from a disease.
Immune cells “learn” and change each time they are engaged…exposed to pathogen.
2.04 Understand the functions and disorders of the lymphatic system

37. 2.04 Understand the functions and disorders of the lymphatic system
Acquired immunity: Passive
Natural – baby gets from mother’s placenta or mother’s milk
Artificial – Serum from another; immunoglobulin; antitoxin…lasts only 3-5 weeks…used when exposed to pathogen (i.e. measles, tetanus, hepatitis, etc.)
2.04 Understand the functions and disorders of the lymphatic system

38. 2.04 Understand the functions and disorders of the lymphatic system
How Ebola Blood Transfusions Work - NBC News.com
2.04 Understand the functions and disorders of the lymphatic system

39. 2.04 Understand the functions and disorders of the lymphatic system
Acquired immunity
Active Artificial
Should immunizations be required?
Why or why not?
2.04 Understand the functions and disorders of the lymphatic system

40. The Lymphatic System REVIEW
What are the functions of the lymphatic system? 1 2 3 4 5
How are these functions relevant to health?
2.04 Understand the functions and disorders of the lymphatic system

41. Lymphatic System Disorders
2.04 Understand the functions and disorders of the lymphatic system

42. 2.04 Understand the functions and disorders of the lymphatic system
Tonsillitis
What are the symptoms?
What are the usual treatments?
Why would you have your tonsils removed?
2.04 Understand the functions and disorders of the lymphatic system

43. 2.04 Understand the functions and disorders of the lymphatic system
Tonsillitis
In childhood, they may become infected, enlarged, and cause difficulty swallowing
Surgery done in extreme cases
2.04 Understand the functions and disorders of the lymphatic system

44. 2.04 Understand the functions and disorders of the lymphatic system
Lymphadenitis
What is it?
Lymph aden itis
What are the symptoms?
How is it treated?
2.04 Understand the functions and disorders of the lymphatic system

45. 2.04 Understand the functions and disorders of the lymphatic system
Enlargement of Lymph Nodes
Term “swollen glands” used frequently
Occurs when an infection is present and the body is attempting to fight the infection.
LYMPHADENITIS – enlargement of the lymph nodes, occurs when infection is present and body is attempting to fight off the infection – generalized enlargement
2.04 Understand the functions and disorders of the lymphatic system

46. 2.04 Understand the functions and disorders of the lymphatic system
Hodgkin’s disease
What is Hodgkin’s disease?
What are the symptoms?
How is it treated?
Who is most likely to develop Hodgkin’s disease?
2.04 Understand the functions and disorders of the lymphatic system

47. 2.04 Understand the functions and disorders of the lymphatic system
HODGKIN’S DISEASE
cancer of the lymph nodes
painless swelling of lymph nodes is an early symptom; along with fever, chills, night sweats, and unexplained weight loss.
Rx – chemotherapy and radiation
Most commonly found in ages
2.04 Understand the functions and disorders of the lymphatic system

48. 2.04 Understand the functions and disorders of the lymphatic system
Infectious mononucleosis
What is mononucleosis most often called?
What causes it?
How is it treated?
2.04 Understand the functions and disorders of the lymphatic system

49. INFECTIOUS MONONUCLEOSIS
Caused by virus
Frequently in young adults and children
Spread by oral contact ( i.e. kissing, drinking after someone)
Symptoms – enlarged lymph nodes and spleen, fever, physical and mental fatigue,  Leukocytes
Rx – bedrest, symptomatic treatment
2.04 Understand the functions and disorders of the lymphatic system

50. 2.04 Understand the functions and disorders of the lymphatic system
Autoimmunity
When a person’s own immune system mistakenly targets the normal cells, tissues, and organs of a person’s own body. This is known as an autoimmune disorder.
2.04 Understand the functions and disorders of the lymphatic system

51. Autoimmune Diseases Multiple Sclerosis Myasthenia Gravis
Pernicious Anemia
Psoriasis
Crohn’s Disease
Ulcerative Colitis
Type I Diabetes Mellitus
Rheumatoid arthritis
Lupus
Scleroderma
2.04 Understand the functions and disorders of the lymphatic system

52. 2.04 Understand the functions and disorders of the lymphatic system
Lupus erythematosus
What is the classic symptom of lupus?
What other symptoms might present?
How is lupus managed?
What is the prognosis?
2.04 Understand the functions and disorders of the lymphatic system

53. 2.04 Understand the functions and disorders of the lymphatic system
Lupus
Chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease.
Experience profound fatigue, rashes, and joint pains.
Common identifying rash: butterfly rash across nose and checks.
Severe cases, immune system may attack kidney, brain, blood, or lung.
Symptoms and damage controlled with anti-inflammatory and symptomatic prescribed medications.
2.04 Understand the functions and disorders of the lymphatic system

54. 2.04 Understand the functions and disorders of the lymphatic system
Scleroderma
What is it?
What causes it?
What are some complications of scleroderma?
How is it treated?
2.04 Understand the functions and disorders of the lymphatic system

55. 2.04 Understand the functions and disorders of the lymphatic system
Scleroderma
Thickening of skin and blood vessels.
95% of patients have Raynaud’s; spasm of the blood vessels in fingers and toes.
Can result in loss of movement and dyspnea
2.04 Understand the functions and disorders of the lymphatic system

56. 2.04 Understand the functions and disorders of the lymphatic system
Hypersensitivity
Body fails to protect itself against foreign material.
Allergic reaction
An ALLERGEN is an antigen that causes allergic responses.
2.04 Understand the functions and disorders of the lymphatic system

57. 2.04 Understand the functions and disorders of the lymphatic system
Anaphylactic shock
What is it?
What happens to these body systems?
Nervous system
Digestive system
Respiratory system
Integumentary system
What is the treatment?
2.04 Understand the functions and disorders of the lymphatic system

58. Anaphylactic shock or Anaphylaxis
Result of antigen – antibody reaction that stimulates massive secretion of histamines.
Patient can experience breathing problems, headache, facial swelling, falling blood pressure, stomach cramps, and vomiting.
Antidote: adrenaline and/or antihistimine
2.04 Understand the functions and disorders of the lymphatic system

59. 2.04 Understand the functions and disorders of the lymphatic system
AIDS
How is it diagnosed?
What do these terms mean?
HIV
ARC
2.04 Understand the functions and disorders of the lymphatic system

60. 2.04 Understand the functions and disorders of the lymphatic system
Acquired Immunodeficiency Disease Syndrome (AIDS)
How is it transmitted?
What is the incubation period?
What are the symptoms?
2.04 Understand the functions and disorders of the lymphatic system

61. 2.04 Understand the functions and disorders of the lymphatic system
AIDS
Most severe type if HIV infection – spread through sexual contact and contact with bodily fluids (i.e. sharing needles)
Subject to OPPORTUNISTIC INFECTIONS – a healthy person would fight off these infections, but a person with AIDS has a compromised or impaired immune response.
2.04 Understand the functions and disorders of the lymphatic system

62. 2.04 Understand the functions and disorders of the lymphatic system
Symptoms of AIDS
Prolonged fatigue
Persistent fevers or night sweats
Persistent, unexplained cough
Thick coating in throat or on tongue
Easy bruising, unexplained bleeding
Appearance of purple lesions on mucous membranes or skin that don’t go away
Chronic diarrhea
Shortness of breath
Unexplained lymphadenopathy
Unexplained weight loss, 10lbs or more, in less than 2 months
Incubation period: 1 month to 12 years
2.04 Understand the functions and disorders of the lymphatic system

63. AIDS-RELATED COMPLEX (ARC)
Has HIV but not have AIDS and may develop other conditions such as:
Chronic Diarrhea
Chronic lymphadenopathy
Unexplained weight loss
If life threatening opportunistic infections develop, then individual is said to have AIDS
2.04 Understand the functions and disorders of the lymphatic system

64. 2.04 Understand the functions and disorders of the lymphatic system
ASYMPTOMATIC INFECTION – Has HIV but no symptoms.
High-Risk Groups for AIDS – EVERYONE who participates in risky behaviors.
Transmission by:
Sex with someone who is HIV positive
Sharing needles with infected IV drug users
At birth from infected mother
2.04 Understand the functions and disorders of the lymphatic system

65. 2.04 Understand the functions and disorders of the lymphatic system
Cannot be spread by:
Casual contact
Through air, feces, food, urine or water
Coughing, sneezing, embracing, shaking hands and sharing eating utensils
Prevention:
Avoid risky behaviors
Standard precautions
2.04 Understand the functions and disorders of the lymphatic system

66. 2.04 Understand the functions and disorders of the lymphatic system
Lymphedema
What is it?
What causes it?
How is it treated?
Photo used with written permission by the Mayo Clinic.
2.04 Understand the functions and disorders of the lymphatic system

67. 2.04 Understand the functions and disorders of the lymphatic system
Lymphedema
condition in which lymph fluid builds up in tissues
Causes include: infection, cancer scar tissue from radiation therapy or surgical removal of lymph nodes, and inherited conditions in which lymph nodes or vessels are absent or abnormal.
Treatment can help control symptoms. It includes exercise, compression devices, skin care, and massage
2.04 Understand the functions and disorders of the lymphatic system

68. 2.04 Understand the functions and disorders of the lymphatic system

69. 2.04 Understand the functions and disorders of the lymphatic system

70. 2.04 Understand the functions and disorders of the lymphatic system

71. 2.04 Understand the functions and disorders of the lymphatic system
What are the functions of the lymphatic system?
What is the importance of the lymphatic system as it relates to immunity?
How do you relate the body’s use of nutrients to the lymphatic system?
What are some disorders of the lymphatic system and how are they treated?
2.04 Understand the functions and disorders of the lymphatic system