1. The Skeletal System – OrganizationDay 2

2. Axial Skeleton
Consists of the 80 bones in the head and trunk of the human body
The purpose of the axial skeleton (among other things) is to protect the body's most vital organs

4. Bones of the Axial Skeleton
Cranial Bones (22)
Facial Bones (14)
Ossicles – Inner Ear (6)
Hyoid Bone - U-shape bone located in the neck. It anchors the tongue and is associated with swallowing (1)
Vertebral Column – Includes Sacrum and Coccyx (26)
Thoracic Cage – Includes Ribs (25)

5. Appendicular Skeleton
Consists of 126 bones in the human body which make motion possible and protects the organs of digestion, excretion, and reproduction
The word appendicular means referring to an appendage or anything attached to a major part of the body, such as the upper and lower extremities

7. Bones of the Appendicular Skeleton
Shoulder girdle (Clavicle, Scapula)
Arm (Humerus, Ulna, Radius)
Hand (Metacarpals, Phalanges)
Pelvic girdle
Leg (Femur, Tibia, Fibula, Patella)
Foot (Tarsals, Metatarsals, Phalanges)
THE AXIAL AND APPENDICULAR SKELETON TOGETHER MAKE UP THE COMPLETE SKELETON

8. Cartilage/Meniscus
A strong, flexible material that supports and provides a smooth surface that makes movement at a joint smooth
3 Functions:
Stability
Lubrication & Nutrition
Shock absorption

9. Ligaments
Strong bands or cords of tissue that connect the BONE TO BONE at a joint
Commonly injured ligaments are the Patellar Ligaments:
ACL – Anterior Cruciate Ligament
LCL – Lateral Collateral Ligament
PCL – Posterior Cruciate Ligament
MCL – Medial Collateral Ligament

10. Anterior View of Right Knee

11. Tendons Bands of fiber that connect MUSCLE TO BONES
Tendons and muscles work together to exert a pulling force
Commonly Injured Tendon is the Achilles Tendon which connects the heel bone to the Gastrocnemius and Soleus (Calf muscles)

12. Name the bone(s) and the type of bone it is.
Types of Bones
Long
Short
Flat
Irregular
Sesamoid
Name the bone(s) and the type of bone it is.

13. Types of Joints 3 main types: Immovable i.e. Cranium
Slightly Movable i.e. Vertebral Joint, Tibiofibular Joint
Freely Movable (Synovial) i.e. All other joints in the body
The Synovial Joint contains synovial fluid which allows the joint to move freely and decreases friction
Synovial Joints are classified into 3 different sections: Hinge, Condyloid, Ball and Socket

15. Types of Joints Cont’d
Hinge – Allows movement in One plane of motion ONLY i.e. Elbow, Knee
Condyloid – Allows movement in Two planes of motion i.e. Wrist, Ankle
Ball and Socket – Allows movement in Three directions and a great range of motion i.e. Shoulder, Hip
Saddle – found in the thumb

16. Sketch and
label the
synovial
joint
Page 33

17. Synovial Joints - Worksheets
“Types of Synovial Joints”
“The Synovial Joint”
Make sure you are ready to present!