1. Skeletal System Chp. 7

2. Types of Bones Long – femur, tibia, humorus, phalange Short – carpals, tarsals Flat – frontal, parietal, sternum, ribs Irregular – vertebra, mandible, coxal

3. Fractures Open – breaks the skin Closed – encased in the skin Simple – 1 crack Compound – multiple cracks Greenstick - youth Stress – overuse problem, microscopic breaks Spiral – around the bone

4. Tendons Attach muscle to bone Achilles Calcaneal Tennis Elbow Tendonitis Carpal-tunnel syndrome

5. Ligaments Attaches bone to bone MCL – medial collateral ligament LCL – lateral collateral ligament PCL – Posterior cruciate ligament ACL – Anterior cruciate ligament 1 degree - stretching 2 degree – partially tearing 3 degree – complete tear (avulsion)

6. Bone Structure

9. Bone Development and Growth Ossification types Intermembraneous Interchondral Osteocytes Osteoclast Osteoblast

11. Organization of the Skeleton Axial skull - head hyoid – anchors tongue vertebral column – backbone thoracic cage - chest Appendicular pectoral girdle - shoulder upper limbs – arms pelvic girdle – hips lower limbs - legs

13. Name location # Femur thigh 2

14. Axial skeleton (skull) 22 bones? Sutures sinus Cranium – frontal, parietal, occipital, temporal, sphenoid, ethmoid Facial – maxillary, palatine, zygomatic, lacrimal, nasal, vomer, inferior nasal conchae, mandible Infantile skull - fontanels

18. Sinus Frontal Sphenoid Ethmoid Maxillary

22. Axial skeleton (vertebral column) Vertebra Cervical Thoracic Lumbar Sacrum coccyx

26. Axial skeleton (thoracic cage) Sternum – manubrium, xiphoid process Ribs – true false floating

27. Apendicular Skeleton Pectoral girdle Upper limb Pelvic girdle Lower limb

28. Apendicular Skeleton (pectoral girdle)

29. Hannah Montana-Bone dance - Google VideoHannah Montana-Bone dance - Google Video

30. Pectorial Girdle Clavical Scapula Humerus Ulna Radius Carpals Metacarpals Phalanges of the hand

32. Carpals, metacarpals, phalanges of the hand

33. Humerus

34. scapula

35. Ulna and radius

36. Coxal Femur Tibia Fibula Patella Tarsels Metatarsels Phalanges of the foot

37. Pelvic girdle

38. coxal

39. Tarsels, metatarsels, phalanges of the foot

40. Tibia and fibula

41. femur

43. Apendicular Skeleton (upper limb)

44. Apendicular Skeleton (pelvic girdle)

45. Apendicular Skeleton (lower limb)

46. Joints Fibrous Joints – sutures, tibia and fibula Cartilaginous Joints – disk/vertebrate, symphysis pubis, ribs Synovial Joints

47. 1. Ball and Socket – hip, shoulder 2. condyloid – metacarpals and phalanges Oval shape to elliptical 3. gliding – wrist and ankle 4. Hinge – convex to concave elbow, knee 5. pivot – ulna/radius, C-1 &C-2 6. saddle – metacarpal and thumb

48. Types of joint movement Flexion – decrease in angle of the joint Extension – increase in the angle of the joint to 180 Abduction – Away from midline Adduction - Toward the midline Dorsiflexion – toes up Plantar flexion – toes down Hyperextension - past 180 Circumduction – 360 circle at end Rotation – pivot/twist

49. Types of joint movement Pronation – palm down Supination – palm up Eversion – sole goes out Inversion – sole goes in Retraction – chin back Protraction – chin out Elevation – move up Depression – move down

51. Skull Quiz Cranium mastoid process Frontal foramen magnum Parietal mental foramen Occipital sella turcica turk’s saddle Temporal coronal suture Sphenoid occipital condyloid Ethmoid sagittal suture Maxillary Zygomatic Lacrimal Nasal inferior nasal conchae mandible