1. ARTICULATIONS

2. CLASSIFICATION OF JOINTS FUNCTIONAL VS STRUCTURAL

3. FUNCTIONAL CLASSIFICATIONS SYNARTHROSES AMPHIARTHROSES DIARTHROSES

4. SYNARTHROSES IMMOVABLE JOINTS

5. AMPHIARTHROSES ALLOW SLIGHT MOVEMENT

6. DIARTHROSES FREELY MOVEABLE SYNOVIAL JOINTS

7. STRUCTURAL CLASSIFICATION FIBROUS CARTILAGINOUS SYNOVIAL

8. FIBROUS HELD TIGHTLY TOGETHER BY FIBROUS CONNECTIVE TISSUE SUTURAL LIGAMENT LITTLE MATERIAL BETWEEN BONES LITTLE MOVEMENT MOST ARE SYNARTHROSES

9. TYPE OF FIBROUS JOINTS SUTURES SYNDESMOSES GOMPHOSES

10. SUTURES EDGES OF BONES HAVE INTERDIGITATIONS CLOSE AND FIRMLY FIT TOGETHER SYNARTHROSIS

11. SYNOSTOSIS/SYNOSTOSES FIBERS COMPLETELY REPLACED BY BONE SUTURE BECOME FIRMLY FUSED TOGETHER ANY TYPE OF JOINT CAN BECOME A SYNOSTOSIS

12. SYNDESMOSES HELD TOGETHER BY FIBROUS CONNECTIVE TISSUE MORE SPACE BETWEEN BONES LIGAMENTS OR INTEROSSEOUS MEMBRANES OFFER LITTLE MOVEMENT BUT SOME GIVE SYNARTHROSES

13. GOMPHOSES SPECIALIZED JOINT CONE INTO SOCKET ROOTS OF TEETH WITH ALVEOLAR SOCKETS PERIDONTAL LIGAMENT SYNARTHROSES

14. CARTILAGINOUS JOINTS JOINED BY CARTILAGE

15. TYPES OF CARTILAGINOUS JOINTS SYNCHONDROSES SYMPHYSES

16. SYNCHONDROSES HYALINE CARTILAGE MOST ARE SYNARTHROSES SOME ARE AMPHIARTHOSES MANY ARE TEMPORARY JOINTS

17. EPIPHYSEAL PLATE

19. SYMPHYSES FIBROCARTILAGE COMPRESSIBLE SERVE AS SHOCK ABSORBERS AMPHIARTHROSES

20. SYNOVIAL JOINTS MOST OF JOINTS FLUID FILLED JOINT CAVITY FREELY MOVEABLE LIGAMENTS, TENDONS, MUSCLES OR ADJOINING BONES ONLY LIMITING FACTORS DIARTHROSES

21. CHARACTERISTIC OF SYNOVIAL JOINTS ARTICULAR CARTILAGE SYNOVIAL CAVITY ARTICULAR CAPSULE SYNOVIAL FLUID SUPPORTING LIGAMENTS

22. ARTICULAR CARTILAGE THIN LAYER OF HYALINE CARTILAGE COVERS SMOOTH ARTICULAR SURFACE

23. ARTICULAR CARTILAGE

24. SYNOVIAL CAVITY JOINT CAVITY SMALL SPACE SEPARATES BONES FILLED WITH SYNOVIAL FLUID

25. SYNOVIAL MEMBRANE

26. ARTICULAR CAPSULE DOUBLE LAYERED FIBROUS CAPSULE SYNOVIAL MEMBRANE

27. SYNOVIAL FLUID PROVIDES NOURISHMENT TO ARTICULAR CARTILAGES WEIGHT BEARING ELEMENT LUBRICANT

28. SUPPORTING LIGAMENTS CAPSULAR OR INTRINSIC LIGAMENTS EXTRACAPSULAR LIGAMENTS INTRACAPSULAR LIGAMENTS

29. OPTIONAL FEATURES OF SYNOVIAL JOINTS ARTICULAR DISCS

30. MENISCUS OF KNEE

31. BURSA AND TENDON SHEATHS NOT ACTUALLY PART OF SYNOVIAL JOINT FOUND WITH THEM OFTEN HAVE SYNOVIAL FLUID REDUCE FRICTION BETWEEN STRUCTURES

32. BURSAE SMALL SACS LINED WITH SYNOVIAL MEMBRANES FOUND THROUGHOUT BODY MOST LOCATED BETWEEN TENDONS AND BONE

33. TENDON SHEATHS WHERE TENDONS CROSS JOINTS PROTECTS AGAINST FRICTION CYLINDRICAL SACS TENDONS SLIDE THROUGH THEM

34. MOVEMENT OF SYNOVIAL JOINTS GLIDING FLEXION DORSIFLEXION EXTENSION PLANTAR FLEXION ABDUCTION ADDUCTION CIRCUMDUCTION ROTATION SUPINATION PRONATION ELEVATION DEPRESSION INVERSION EVERSION PROTRACTION RETRACTION

35. TYPES OF SYNOVIAL JOINTS UNIAXIAL JOINTS BIAXIAL JOINTS TRIAXIAL JOINTS NONAXIAL

36. NONAXIAL JOINTS GLIDING, PLANE OR ARTHRODIAL JOINTS APPOSITION OF FLAT OR SLIGHTLY CURVED SURFACES MOVEMENT CAN OCCUR IN ANY DIRECTION LIGAMENTS AND/OR BONY PROCESSES LIMIT MOVEMENT

37. GLIDING JOINTS/PLANE

38. UNIAXIAL JOINTS HINGE OR GINGLYMUS JOINTS PIVOT OR TRICHOID JOINTS

39. HINGE OR GINGLYMUS JOINTS ELBOW KNEE PHALANGES OF FINGERS AND TOES

40. PIVOT OR TRICHOID BONE ATLAS AND AXIS PROXIMAL ARTICULATION BETWEEN RADIUS AND ULNA

41. BIAXIAL JOINTS CONDYLOID OR ELLIPSOID JOINTS SADDLE JOINTS

42. CONDYLOD OR ELLIPSOID JOINTS ARTCULATIONS BETWEEN RADIUS AND CARPALS OCCIPITAL CONDYLES ON ATLAS METACAPOPHALANGEAL JOINTS METATARSOPHALANGEAL JOINTS

43. SADDLE JOINTS CARPOMETACARPAL JOINT OF THUMB

44. TRIAXIAL JOINT BALL AND SOCKET OR SPHEROID JOINTS SHOULDER AND HIP JOINTS

45. A SURVEY OF SELECTED JOINTS

46. SHOULDER JOINT CORACOHUMERAL LIGAMENT GLENOHUMERAL LIGAMENTS GLENOID LABRUM ROTATOR CUFF

47. ELBOW JOINT ULNAR COLLATERAL LIGAMENT RADIAL COLLATERAL LIGAMENT ANNULAR LIGAMENT

48. HIP JOINT ILIOFEMORAL LIGAMENT PUBOFEMORAL LIGAMENT ISCHIOFEMORAL LIGAMENT ACETABULAR LABRUM LIGAMENTUM TERES (CAPITATE LIGAMENT)

49. KNEE PATELLAR LIGAMENT OBLIQUE POPLITEAL LIGAMENT ARCUATE POPLITEAL LIGAMENT MEDIAL AND LATERAL COLLATERAL LIGAMENT MEDIAL AND LATERAL MENISCI ANTERIOR AND POSTERIOR CRUCIATE LIGAMENTS

50. ANKLE JOINT

51. CLINICAL CONDITIONS

52. SPRAINS TWISTING OR OVERSTRETCHING OF A JOINT TEAR OR SEPARATION SLOW TO HEAL DUE TO LACK OF BLOOD SUPPLY

53. DISLOCATION LUXATION BONES ARE DISPLACED SHOULDER, FINGERS AND THUMBS MOST COMMON

54. DISLOCATION

55. BURSITIS INFLAMATION OF BURSA ECESSIVE SYNOVIAL FLUID REDNESS, SWELLING AND PAIN

56. TENDINITIS INFLAMMATION OF TENDON SHEATHS LOCALIZED TENDERNESS AND EXTREME PAIN WHEN JOINT IS MOVED WRISTS, ELBOW AND SHOULDER MOST OFTEN AFFECTED

57. HERNIATED DISC RUPTURED DISC PRESSURE CAN CAUSE SERVERE PAIN CAN CAUSE NERVE DAMAGE

58. TORN MENSICI

59. ARTHRITIS VARIETY OF TYPES PATHOLOGICAL CHANGES TO JOINT MEMBRANES, BONES OR CARTILAGE

60. RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS SEVERE FORM WOMEN MORE THAN MEN PANNUS DESTROYS JOINT

61. GOUTY ARTHRITIS SUDDEN SEVERE PAIN AND SWELLLING TOES, INSTEPS, HEELS, KNEES AND WRISTS MORE COMMON IN MALES INHERITED DEFECT INCREASED URIC ACID LEVELS FORM CRYSTALS

62. DEGENERATIVE OSTEOARTHRITIS PROGRESSIVE LOSS OF CARTILAGE MAY HAVE APPEARANCE OF BONE SPURS

63. SUPPURATIVE ARTHRITIS

64. ABNORMAL CURVATURES OF THE SPINE SCOLIOSIS KYPHOSIS LORDOSIS

65. SCOLIOSIS

67. KYPHOSIS

68. LORDOSIS

69. OSTEOPOROSIS

70. OSTEOMALACIA

71. RICKETS

72. PAGET’S DISEASE

73. FRACTURE

74. STRESS FRACTURES

75. OSTEOMYELITIS

76. BONE CANCER

77. PITUITARY DWARFISM

78. ACHONDROPLASTIC DWARFISM

80. GIGANTISM

81. SCURVY

82. METASTIC CALCIFICATION