1. Theme Maximizing Asset Value with IOR / EOR
India Drilling & Exploration Conference (IDEC) – 2013
23-24 May 2013, Mumbai
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2. Most valuable Indian PSU
IOR / EOR ??
IOR
…….includes all methods for supplementing natural reservoir forces and energy
Pressure Maintenance,
Recycling of produced fluids
Secondary recovery in its original sense i.e. fluid injection /stimulation/artificial lift within an economic limit.
EOR
…. defined as oil recovery by the injection of materials normally not present in reservoir.
does exclude water-flooding and is intended to exclude all pressure maintenance processes.
Source : SPE Petroleum Reservoir Management Catalogue
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3. # 21 Energy Company in the World
IOR / EOR … Views from Literature
Dr Farouq Ali, during a Webinar on 17 May 2012
Quote :
My definition for EOR is recovery of the oil left after a waterflood for any oil.
IOR is good Reservoir Engineering, horizontal wells, infill drilling etc. plus EOR.
Unquote
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4. IOR / EOR
…. experience in ONGC

5. A FORTUNE Global 500 Company
IOR-EOR ….
Targeted 15 major fields thru structured IOR/EOR schemes
Acreage reduction
Water Injection Redistribution
A/L Optimization
Hi-tech drilling
Sustained oil production of ~20 MMt in Majors
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6. Most valuable Indian PSU
Next Campaign
Rolling Dev Campaign in Offshore Majors
Integrated development
Tapping Bypassed oil
Improved Reservoir characterization
Ph-III
IOR for Major & Medium sized fields of Onshore
Revamp/enhancement of surface facilities factored
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7. # 21 Energy Company in the World
Increasing Asset Value … IOR Examples
Offshore Carbonate Reservoir 20 40 60 80
100
120
140
160
180
200
Base
IOR (FR)
IOR (RFR)
IOR Ph- II
Np, MMt 5 10 15 25 30 35 45 50
RF, %
Cum. Oil Production, MMt
Offshore Major 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
100
Phase-
I+II
III
Field growth
Part-I
Part-II
Redev
Np, MMt 5 15 25 35 45
RF, %
Cum. Oil Production, MMt
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8. # 21 Energy Company in the World
EOR Efforts
Commercial Scale
Miscible Gas Injection
Bold Reservoir Management decision to halt production to achieve MMP
ISC Thermal Process
Largest ISC implementation in Heavy Oil belt - A game changer
Polymer flood
Possibility of achieving + 36% RF as against 15% from water flood
MEOR (now a Patented Technology)
Putting life to stripper wells thru huff-n-puff mode
Ready with MEOR in flood mode
Proven EOR Pilots
WAG in multi-layered reservoir
ASP in WON
Future Vision of EOR
Entry of ISC Process in Light Oil, CSS
Field Scale WAG
Low salinity / Low IFT water flood
Solution search for EOR in Offshore
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9. # 21 Energy Company in the World
Increasing Asset Value … EOR Examples
Miscible Gas Injection
Multi-layered reservoir
Depth 2000m
Sandstone with heterogeneity
Temp ~ 120°C
Thermal Process
High viscosity (100 – 2000 cp)
Multi-layered reservoir
Moderate depth ~1200m
Sandstone with good K, Phi
Water drive
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10. # 21 Energy Company in the World
EOR Projects for Tomorrow
EOR technology : Some proven processes already in operation, several evolved to trial stage, and many more still in R&D phase
LOSAL : Change in rock fluid interaction and multi cation exchange, releasing entrapped oil from rock surface
Increased displacement efficiency of 10%.
Works better in presence of non swelling clays
Viscoelastic surfactants : a new class of chemicals used to loosen grip of oil on rock by reducing interfacial tension
Tight formations, high salinities
For reservoir temp. upto 100°C
An Alkaline Surfactant Foam (ASF) flood with AS pre-flush : designed to recover all the oil present in core after water flooding
Needs more studies to optimize the process
# 21 Energy Company in the World

11. # 21 Energy Company in the World
EOR Projects for Tomorrow
EOR technology : Some proven processes already in operation, several evolved to trial stage, and many more still in R&D phase
Improving efficiency of cyclic steam by thermo-reversible gel-forming systems(GFS)
Gel blocks high permeable channels and increases conformance of thermal steam treatment
Heterogenetic combination flooding system of Preformed Particle Gel (PPG)
PPG’s 3D network and polymer chains lead to increased visco-elasticity and sweep volume to improve recovery
Colloidal Dispersion Gels (CDGs): CDGs lightly cross-linked polyacrylamide gels formed in-situ; Salinity independent and alternative to high salinity polymer flood projects requiring high polymer concentration
Nanoparticles to increase viscosity of injection fluid and reduce mobility contrast
Can serve for IFT reduction, foam stabilization, and alteration of wettability
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12. # 21 Energy Company in the World
Concluding Thoughts …..
Maximizing Asset Value with IOR/EOR
– Is a Moving WIN Post (Continuous Exercise)
– Thrust on Major fields to have global impact
40 %
50 %
20 %
30 %
No unique solution for every Field/Reservoir
Technology and Price Dependent
Infrastructure revamping coupled with high tech drilling/ completion will aid in improving Asset Value
Role of EOR is of prime importance for mature fields
New and emerging EOR technologies hold promise
# 21 Energy Company in the World

13. Water / Gas : Reinjection
Recovery Mechanisms
Primary
Recovery
Natural Flow
Artificial Lift
Pump – Gas Lift etc.
Secondary
Tertiary
Water Flood
Pressure Maintenance
Water / Gas : Reinjection
Thermal
Miscible, Solvent
Others
MEOR, CO2 ..
Chemical
Conventional
Enhanced
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14. IOR / EOR … Views from Literature
Of the two, the term EOR has clearer definition.
EOR refers to Reservoir Processes that recover oil not produced by Secondary Processes.
Primary recovery uses natural energy to produce oil/gas
Secondary recovery uses injectants to re-pressurize the reservoir and to displace oil to producers (WI, GI)
EOR Processes Target what is left
Focuses on Rock/Oil/Injection system and interplay of Capillary and Viscous Forces
IOR refers to any practice to increase oil recovery that may include EOR processes, as well as practices to increase sweep such as infill drilling, horizontal wells etc.
Source : Guest Editorial, JPT 2003
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