1. Chapter 10
The Knee Joint

2. Right Femur (Anterior) Right Femur (Posterior)
Greater Trochanter
Quadrate Tubercle
Fovea Capitus
Head
Intertrochanteric Crest
Intertrochanteric Line
Neck
Lesser Trochanter
Gluteal Tuberosity
Linea Aspera
Adductor Tubercle
Popliteal Surface
Intercondyloid Fossa
Patellar Surface
Lateral condyle
Medial condyle
Right Femur (Anterior)
Right Femur (Posterior)
Label

3. Tibia & Fibula Intercondyloid Eminence Styloid Process Lateral Condyle
Superior Fibular Articulation
Medial Condyle
Head
Tibial Tuberosity
Soleal Line
Interosseous Border
Anterior Border
Interosseus Border
Anterior Border
Inferior Fibular Articulation
Medial Malleolus
Lateral Malleolus
Talus Articulation
Talus Articulation
Fibula Label
Tibia Label

4. Patella Proximal Border Base Lateral Border Medial Border Apex
Right Patella
Label

5. Joints Fibular (lateral) Collateral Ligament
Medial Meniscus (semicircular “C” shape) & Lateral Meniscus (more circular shaped)
Fibular (lateral) Collateral Ligament
Posterior Cruciate Ligament
Tibial (medial) Collateral Ligament
Anterior Cruciate Ligament
Joints
Tibiofemoral (ginglymus)
Trochoginglymus (pivot & ginglymus)
Tibial (medial) Collateral Ligament
b. Fibular (lateral) Collateral Ligament
c. Anterior Cruciate Ligament
d. Posterior Cruciate Ligament
e. Medial Meniscus (semicircular “C” shape) & Lateral Meniscus (more circular shaped)
Sit atop tibial condyles
Serve to deepen the surface of the articular fossa of tibial condyles for reception of femoral condyles
Mode of Injury
Connects the posterior aspect of intercondyloid fossa of the tibia to the anterolateral aspect of the medial condyle of femur
Prevents posterior displacement of the tibia on femur
Mode of Injury
Connects the anterior aspect of the intercondylar eminence of the tibia with the medial aspect of lateral femoral condyle
Prevents anterior displacement of the tibia on femur
Mode of Injury
Attaches lateral femoral condyle to styloid process of fibula
Maintains lateral stability by resisting valgus forces
Attaches medial condyle of femur to medial condyle of tibia (medial meniscus attachment)
Maintains stability by resisting valgus forces
Patellofemoral (arthrodial)

6. Range of Motion (knee joint)
Flexion: 135°
Hyperextension: 0°-10°
“Screw Home” = approx. 10° external rotation to align condyles
With knee flexed 30° or more:
30° internal rotation & 45° external rotation

7. Movements
Flexion
Extension
Internal Rotation
External Rotation

8. Muscles
Rectus Femoris
Strengthening
Stretching

9. Muscles
Vastus Lateralis
Strengthening
Stretching

10. Muscles
Vastus Intermedius
Strengthening
Stretching

11. Muscles
Vastus Medialis
Strengthening
Stretching

12. Muscles
Biceps Femoris
Long head
Short head
Strengthening
Stretching

13. Muscles
Semitendinosus
Strengthening
Stretching

14. Muscles
Semimembranosus
Strengthening
Stretching

15. Muscles
Strengthening
Stretching
Gracilis

16. Muscles
Sartorious
Strengthening
Stretching

17. Muscles
Popliteus
Strengthening
Stretching

18. Q Angle (Quadriceps angle)
Contribute to large Q angle:
Wide hips (females)
Genu valgum
Pronation of feet
Patellar subluxation
Patella alta (high patella)
Weak vastus medialis

20. Knee Deviations Genu Varum Genu Valgum Genu Recurvatum
Condyle to malleoli relationship
Relationship to pronation
Strain on soft tissues
Genu Valgum
Condyle to malleoli relationship
Relationship to pronation
Strain on soft tissues
Genu Recurvatum
May be caused by:
Equinus
Hamstring weakness
Quadriceps weakness

21. Torsion
an internal twist of a bone on itself Requires a force - counterforce.
Types of torsion (Distal part is the reference)
Internal tibial
External tibial
Internal femoral
External femoral
Testing procedure
Step #1: Determine that a torsion is present while subject is standing (patella and feet do not line up)
Step #2: Have subject sit on table with feet dangling free.
Femoral torsion:
Feet point straight ahead
Tibial torsion:
Feet point out = external tibial torsion
Feet point in = internal tibial torsion