1. Slavery and States’ Rights Lincoln, Secession, and War
The Union in Crisis
Slavery and States’ Rights
Lincoln, Secession, and War

2. Slavery and States’ Rights
North- manufacturing South- remain agrarian cotton (King Cotton)slavery
Slave issue arises again, even after Missouri Compromise (TX,CA,NM)
Wilmot Proviso- no slavery in Mexican Cession territory- S. mad
1848 Election- Free Soil Party- Martin Van Buren loses to Whig Zachary Taylor
The Compromise of 1850
Henry Clay (KY) proposes 5 part plan to solve slave issue:
California admitted as free state
NM territory would have no slave restrictions
NM/Texas border dispute would be settled in favor of NM
Slave trade (not slavery) banned in Washington DC
Stronger fugitive slave laws

4. Slavery and States’ Rights
The Fugitive Slave Act
Req. all citizens to help catch slaves- N. refused
Underground Railroad- Harriet Tubman
“Uncle Tom’s Cabin”- Harriet Beecher Stowe (white abolitionist)
Kansas-Nebraska Act
Sen. Stephen Douglas (Ill.) suggests creating 2 new states: Kansas & Nebraska
Re-opened slave debate and repealed Missouri Compromise allowed citizens to decide whether to be free or slave Popular Sovereignty
Kansas- pro slavery; but anti slave groups emerge too (2 factions; pro vs. anti)
Violence erupts Bleeding Kansas
New Political Party
Normally PP extend across sectional linesslavery divides ppl &PP
Whig party falls apart; leftovers + Free Soil Party campaign against slavery
Know- Nothing Party nativist organization against immigration
Republican party is born and oppose slavery
Election of Dem. James Buchanan wins- Rep. party still too weak

6. Lincoln, Secession, and War
Dred Scott Decision
Scott was a slave living in MissouriMaster moved to Illinois, a free state, them moved back to Missouri
Scott sued, claiming he should be free since he lived on free soil
Roger B. Taney (SC Justice) ruled Scott is still a slave b/c he is property, not a citizen, therefore, he had no rights
Decision means the constitution protected slavery- splits country
Lincoln-Douglas Debates
Senate election in 1858 in Ill.- Abraham Lincoln vs. Stephen Douglas
Series of debates over slavery
Lincoln-oppose Douglas- feels slavery is necessary, but he dislikes it
Douglas gives the Freeport Doctrine Speech- Ppl can get around slavery issue by electing politicians who would not enforce slave laws
Raid on Harpers Ferry
Southerners feel threatened by growing Republican power
Abolitionist John Brown led a raid in Harper’s Ferry, VA
Raided an arsenal gov’t storage for weapons and ammo
Distribute them to slaves in regionfails, Brown sentenced to death

7. Dred Scott

8. Abraham Lincoln Stephen Douglas

10. Lincoln, Secession, and War
Election of Democrats are split- half are pro; half are anti
Republican A. Lincoln wins easily since Dems are split
Rep. promise not to extend slavery, they would not take it away either
Southerners threaten to secede (leave) union if Lincoln wins
The South Secedes
South Carolina leaves first-1860 Confederate States of America
Jefferson Davis elected president- says the nat’l government had violated southern state rights
Most S. did not own slaves and were very concerned
Lincoln felt it was his duty to preserve the Union at all times- would fight a war to keep country together
Fort Sumter
1861- Confederate troops threaten to seize Union forts located in South
Fort Sumter (SC) is most important Union fortsupplies running low
Lincoln says he will send supplies via unarmed troops
President Davis ordered his troops to attack Sumter anyway
April 12, Civil War begins