1. Joints of limbs
主 讲 人 孙万群

2. Ⅰ. Joints of upper limb Ⅰ) Joints of shoulder girdle
1.Sternoclavicular joint胸锁关节
1)Composition: sternal end of clavicle,clavicular notch of sternum, and the first
costal cartilage
2)Feature:
Articular capsule: strong
An articular disc divides
the joint into two cavities.
3)Movements Up
down

3. 2.Acromioclavicular joint 肩锁关节 3.Coracoacromial ligament喙肩韧带Up
down

4. Ⅱ)Joints of free upper limb
1.Shoulder joint 肩关节
(ball and socket)
1)Composition: head of humerus and glenoid cavity of scapula
2)Feature:Articular surface
Capsule: Thin and lax
Attachments
Tendon of long head of biceps brachii Up
down

5. Glenoid labrum盂唇: Coracohumeral ligament 喙肱韧带
3)Movements: flexion, extension, adduction, abduction, medial and lateral rotation, circumduction Up
down

6. 头大盂小囊松薄
最易发生前下脱 Up
down

7. 2. Elbow joint 肘关节 1)Composition: lower end of 2)Feature:
humerus, upper ends of radius and ulna
1.Humeroulnar joint 肱尺关节
2.Humeroradial joint肱桡关节
3.Proximal radioulnar joint桡尺近侧 关节
2)Feature:
Capsule: thin and lax anteriorly and posteriorly, strongly thickened on either side by collateral ligaments Up
down

8. Ligaments: 1.Radial collacteral ligament桡侧副韧带:
2. Ulnar collacteral ligament尺侧副韧带:
3. Annular ligament of radius桡骨环状韧带:
3)Movements: flexion and extension, pronation and supination Up
down

9. Dislocation Up
down

10. 3.Joints between radius and ulnar
Proximal radioulnar joint 桡尺近侧关节
Distal radioulnar joint桡尺远侧关节
Interosseous membrane of forearm
前臂骨间膜 Up
down

11. 1) Radiocarpal joint桡腕关节 (ellipsoid)
4.Joints of hand
1) Radiocarpal joint桡腕关节 (ellipsoid)
(1)Composition
Carpal articular surface of radius and articular disc
Proximal row of carpal but not pisiform
(2)Feature:
Capsule: lax and strengthened by surrounding ligaments
(3)Movements Up
down

12. (1)Composition : trapezium and base of the first metacarpal
2)Intercarpal joints
3)Carpometacarpal joints:
★ Carpometacarpal joint of thumb 拇指腕掌关节
(1)Composition : trapezium and base of the first metacarpal
(2)Movement: flexion, extension, adduction, abduction, and opposition
4)Metacarpophalangeal joints
5)Intermetacarpal joints
6)Interphalangeal joints Up
down

13. Ⅱ.Joints of Lower limb Ⅰ) Joints of pelvic girdle
1.Sacroiliac joint 骶髂关节
1)Composition: auricular surface of sacrum and ilium
2)Feature:
Capsule: very tight and strengthened by ligaments Up
down

14. 2.Vertebropelvic ligaments
1)Iliolumbal ligament髂腰韧带:
2) Sacrotuberous ligament
骶结节韧带
3) Sacrospinous ligament
骶棘韧带
These two ligaments convert
the sciatic notches the greater and
lesser sciatic foramina 坐骨大、小孔 Up
down

15. 3. Pubic symphysis 耻骨联合 4.Obturator membrane 闭孔膜 obturator canal 闭膜管Up
down

16. 5.Bony pelvis骨盆
1)Composition: formed by paired hip bones, sacrum, coccyx, and their articulations
2)Terminal line界线: formed by promontory of sacrum, arcuate line, pectin of pubis, pubic tubercle, upper border of pubic symphysis
3)Two portions Up
down

17. (1)pelvic inlet 骨盆上口(terminal line):
4)Lesser pelvis 小骨盆
(1)pelvic inlet 骨盆上口(terminal line):
(2)Pelvic outlet 骨盆下口: formed by tip of coccyx, sacrotuberous ligament, ischial tuberosity, ramus of ischium, inferior ramus of pubic, symphysis
(3)Pelvic cavity
(4)Pubic arch, subpubic angle Up
down

18. Ⅱ) Joints of free lower limb
1. Hip joint 髋关节
1)Composition:
acetabulum and femoral head
2)Feature:
(1)Articular capsule attachments Up
down

19. (4)Iliofemoral lig. 髂股韧带
(2)Acetabulum labrum髋臼唇;
(3)transverse acetebular ligament髋臼横韧带
(4)Iliofemoral lig. 髂股韧带
(5)Ligament of head of femur股骨头韧带
(6)Pubofemoral lig. 耻股韧带
(7)Ischiofemoral ligament
坐股韧带
(8) Zona orbicularis
3)Movement: stability
Acetabulum labrum
Ligament of
head
of femur
Transvese acetebular
lig. Up
down

20. Pubofemoral lig. Iliofemoral lig. Ischiofemoral lig. Zona orbicularisUp
down

21. Up
down

22. 2)Feature:Articular capsule
2.Knee joint 膝关节
1)Composition: lower end of femur, upper end of tibia and patella
2)Feature:Articular capsule Up
down

23. Fibular collateral lig. 腓侧副韧带 Tibial collateral lig. 胫侧副韧带
Patellar lig. 髌韧带
Fibular collateral lig. 腓侧副韧带
Tibial collateral lig. 胫侧副韧带
Fibular
collateral
lig.
Tibial collateral
lig.
Patellar lig. Up
down

24. Oblique popliteal ligament腘斜韧带 Anterior cruciate ligment前交叉韧带
Posterior cruciate ligament 后交叉韧带 Up
down

25. Medial meniscus内侧半月板 (C-shaped)
Lateral meniscus外侧半月板 (O-shaped)
3)Movements: flexion and extension; flexed knee joint may be passively rotated
lateral
Medial Up
down

26. Up
down

27. 3)Tibiofibular syndesmosis
胫腓连结
Tibiofibular joint 胫腓关节
Crural interosseous membrane 小腿骨间膜
Anterior and posterior tibiofibular ligaments
胫腓前、后韧带 Up
down

28. 4)Joints of foot (2)Feature: 1)Talocrural joint 距小腿关节(ankle joint) 踝关节
(1)Composition: lower ends of
tibia and fibula,
trochlea of talus
(2)Feature:
Articular capsule: thin
and lax in front and
behind
(3)Movements Up
down

29. 2)Intertarsal joints跗骨间关节 3)Tarsometatarsal joints
跗跖关节
4)Intermetatarsal joints
跖骨间关节
5)Metatarsophalangeal joints 跖趾关节
6)Interphalangeal joints
趾间关节 Up
down

30. Arches of foot 足弓 Up
down