1. 1861-1865

2. Seven states, South Carolina, Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, and Texas seceded. They formed the Confederate States of America, and elected their own government and President- Jefferson Davis.

4. A tough call for Old Abe … The Southern states that seceded saw the U.S. as a “foreign” enemy They began to take over federal property, such as forts and post offices, and turn them into Confederate property What is Abe’s choice as President? What was at risk?

5. Stop them and fight (start a war), or let them take over the land. Fort Sumter was attacked by Southerners who demanded a surrender The Fort help strong and fought until it ran out of ammunition, and the South took it over. This was the beginning of the Civil War, 4 years of bloodshed and destruction

6. Predict strengths and weaknesses for the North? For the South?

7. THE GOOD Fighting a defensive war (North must come to beat them) Many hunters and experienced horsemen THE BAD Few factories: little weapons, railroad tracks, etc. Small population (9 million compared to… – 22 million in the North

8. THE GOOD Large population More factories and factory workers Made more than 90% of U.S. goods, had 70% of U.S. railway lines Strong Navy THE BAD Had to invade an unfamiliar land Had to conquer a massive amount of land –All but 2 battles were fought in the South!

9. For the North Abraham Lincoln –Patient, strong, strategic, rational For the South Jefferson Davis –Experienced, honest, courageous, stubborn

10. What’s the plan?! 3-part strategy 3-part strategy 1. Blockade southern ports 2. Seize control of the Mississippi River 3. Take over Richmond, Virginia, the Confederate capitol

11. Oh yeah…?! plan… only 1 big thing… plan… only 1 big thing… Stay at home and fight a defensive war

12. Generals of the War General Ulysses S. Grant Tough as nails, smart, winner Gen. Robert E. Lee Very experienced, intelligent, North wanted him

13. “ Forever Free …” The Civil War began as a war to restore the Union, not to end slavery. “ If I could save the Union without freeing any slave, I would do it; and if I could save it by freeing all the slaves, I would do it; and if I could do it by freeing some and leaving others alone, I would also do that.” – Abraham Lincoln What do you think Lincoln did?

14. Freed slaves only from the Confederacy, but not from the loyal slave states (border). Delaware, Kentucky, Maryland, and Missouri (loyal border/slave states) Why would he do that?

15. A Smart, Smart Man with a Plan Lincoln needed the 4 border states (which stayed in the Union but had slaves) to help defeat the South AFTER they defeated the South, then he would end slavery for good. So for now, he would only free some slaves… how? And where?

16. The Emancipation Proclamation The Emancipation Proclamation FREEING ALL SLAVES IN THE CONFEDERACY! Any slaves held in rebellion to the United States would be emancipated, or set free This would weaken the South, and made slavery AND saving the Union the cause of the war

17. About 200,000 blacks fought for the Union Were only paid half of what whites were paid About 40,000 lost their lives Those not at war began rebelling

18. Rich man’s war, poor man’s fight Congress passed the DRAFT- Any “able-bodied” man aged 20-45 could be drafted to fight (rich could buy their way out of being drafted- $300 * year’s worth) What about…

19. Worked much harder in the fields and factories to pick up men’s work Women… –Fought (400) –were spies –became teachers –were nurses (10,000)

20. 1 st battle, North tries to take Richmond, South wins (wake-up call) 1 st battle, North tries to take Richmond, South wins (wake-up call) - 24,000 total deaths, North wins and takes control of Railroad center and Mississippi River - 24,000 total deaths, North wins and takes control of Railroad center and Mississippi River - 28,000 Southern deaths, 23,000 Northern deaths – North victory. - 28,000 Southern deaths, 23,000 Northern deaths – North victory. –Lead to Lincoln’s famous Gettysburg Address

21. “We here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain – that this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom – and that government of the people, by the people, and for the people shall not perish from the earth.”

22. April 9, 1865 -Appomattox April 9, 1865 -Appomattox General Lee and the South surrender “ The war is over. The rebels are our countrymen again.” –Ulysses S. Grant

23. 360,000 dead from the North –37,000 African American deaths 260,000 dead from the South To make matters worse, just 5 days after the South’s surrender…

24. Was it worth it?

26. Be ready… TEST NEXT CLASS… A BIG ONE, but be excited – not afraid… Thank you for all those who did extra credit letters! Thank you for all those who did extra credit letters!

27. Breakdown of next week… Tuesday – Last day of PowerPoint and new material on the Civil War Thursday – CIVIL WAR FINAL TEST There is no new homework, however all LATE assignments must be turned in by Monday, June 4th. Extra Credit letters (10 pts.) due TODAY