1. Chapter 11 Sectional Conflict Increases
NORTH
SOUTH

2. Slavery Divides the Nation
By 1800, there were 50,000 enslaved people
in the North, compared to 1 million in the South

3. Missouri Compromise of 1820
Every time there was going to be a new state, there was much debate whether it would be a slave OR free state.
Missouri became a slave state but slavery would not be allowed anywhere else north of Missouri’s southern border.

5. Zachary Taylor (he wins)
Election of 1848
Democrats
Whigs
Free Soil Party
Lewis Cass
Zachary Taylor (he wins)
Martin Van Buren
Favored popular sovereignty and opposed Wilmot Proviso
Political views were unknown but he was a war hero during the US-Mexican War
Since neither party really addressed the slavery issue, anti-slavery Democrats and Whigs formed this party.
Prohibited expansion of slavery in newly acquired western territory

6. Discussion
“All society is formed upon the principle of mutual concession” – Henry Clay Agree or Disagree?
Use window analogy….classroom is hot, some people want the window open others want it shut cause it gets too cold
Lots of fighting amongst Congressmen
Plan to satisfy both North and South

7. Fire-Eaters Southerners who were very pro-slavery and wanted
the South to secede
Threatened the Congress to
choose between abolition and secession
Picture of Edmund Ruffin of Virginia who was one of the leading fire-eaters

8. Compromise of 1850 Congress passed Clay’s measures:
1. California was admitted as a free state
2. New Mexico and Utah territories would
decide by popular sovereignty
3. Texas was unrestricted to slavery
4. Slave trade was abolished in the District of Columbia
This passed.

10. President of U.S President Zachary Taylor
Died- he had opposed Clay’s compromise
Vice President Millard Fillmore replaced Taylor
favored Clay’s compromise
Congress passed Clay’s measures and it was known as the Compromise of 1850
Taylor died of the stomach flu
Harrison died on his thirty-second day in office[1] of complications from a cold – the shortest tenure in United States presidential history.

11. Popular Sovereignty and the Wilmot Proviso
leaving the issue up to territorial governments
Wilmot Proviso:
banned slavery in all lands that would be acquired from Mexico
(failed)
Wilmot Proviso failed. South wanted Popular sovereignty. All but one Northern state wanted the Wilmot Proviso. South threatened to secede if
the Wilmot Proviso became law.

12. Federal vs. State Right’s
Debate Question
Federal vs. State Right’s

13. Election of 1852 Democrat candidate, Franklin Pierce won the election
Persuaded both north and south on the issue of slavery
Called, “a northern man with southern principles”
He proved to be a weak leader

14. List of Presidents George Washington John Adams Thomas Jefferson
James Madison
James Monroe
John Quincy Adams
Andrew Jackson
Martin Van Buren ( )
William Henry Harrison ( ) (first person to die in office – 32 days in office)
John Tyler ( )
James Polk ( )
Zachary Taylor ( ) (died after 16 months in office)
Millard Fillmore ( )
Franklin Pierce
James Buchanan
Abraham Lincoln
Currently, there are 44 presidents

15. Fugitive Slave Act Under the law, no black person was safe
Many blacks in the north, were now transported back to the south
The Compromise of 1850 started to fall apart mainly due to this act
Authorized the arrest of escaped slaves even in states where slavery was illegal

16. Anti-Slavery Issue
Abolitionists from the North and Midwest used their pens to win people to their cause
Goal was to change public opinion

17. Uncle Tom’s Cabin Harriet Beecher Stowe was the author
Helped convince many Americans of the moral
wrongs of slavery
African Americans depicted as husbands and wives, parents and children
For the first time, readers began to think of slaves as people, rather than as possessions.
In 1862, Lincoln met with Harriet Beecher Stowe and reportedly said, “So you’re the little woman that wrote the book that made this great war”
Compared to Common Sense
Sold more than 2 million copies by the end of the 1850s in the US alone
North loved it, South hated it

18. Frederick Douglass Taught to read and write
A life devoted to the cause of freedom, for women as well as blacks
Opposed the Mexican War- wrote about it in his newspaper, North Star, based out of N.Y

20. Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854
Discussion
Compare
Compromise of 1850 to
Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854

21. Kansas Nebraska Act of 1854
Congress divided the Nebraska territory into Kansas and Nebraska
Residents of each territory would vote to allow or outlaw slavery
Congress assumed Kansas would be slave and Nebraska free
Northerners and Southerners
tried to influence the vote
In effect, it nullified the Missouri Compromise by allowing slavery to spread in areas where it had been banned.
It allowed people in the territories of Kansas and Nebraska to decide for themselves whether or not to allow slavery within their borders.

23. Things Turn Violent
Pro slavery residents from Missouri attacked the antislavery town of Lawrence, Kansas.
Northern abolitionist John Brown responded by killing five proslavery settlers.

24. Bleeding Kansas
Eventually became a free state in 1861

25. Violence in the Senate
Violence over the slavery issue broke out on the floor of the U.S. Senate.
Southern Representative Preston Brooks badly beat Northern Senator Charles Sumner with a cane.
Mass senator, Charles Sumner delivered a speech on the Senate floor where he blasted southerners for their bullying and fraud in the Kansas
elections. He later insulted South Carolina senator Andrew Butler, who was absent. Butler’s nephew beat Sumner unconscious with a cane.

26. Republican Party Party based on anti-slavery
Ended up losing to Democrat candidate
James Buchanan (1856 President)
With the Whig and American Party (Know-Nothings) finished, a lot of people joined the Republican ticket
John Fremont (“Free Soil, Free Speech, Free Men, Fremont”)

27. Individual Reading Activity
Read Page 358: Dred Scott and the Supreme Court
What do you find disturbing after reading this?
2. What did the Supreme Court rule?
Scott vs. Sandford

28. Dred Scott Case Case was heard by the US Supreme Court
Roger B. Taney (TAW-nee) was one of five southerners on the Court
Wrote the majority opinion
Declared Scott was not a citizen and therefore could not bring suit in the U.S
Slaves were considered property
Rejected the Missouri Compromise based on the Fifth Amendment
Fifth Amendment- forbids the government to deny anyone’s right to property without “due process of law”
Dred Scott died less than one year after becoming free

29. Effects of Dred Scott Case
After Kansas-Nebraska Act, and now the Dred Scott Decision, there was no way to keep slavery from spreading into the territories.

30. Lincoln and Douglas
Republican Abraham Lincoln ran for Senator of Illinois- spoke out against the expansion of slavery.
Faced off against Stephen Douglas (Democrat)
known as the Little Giant
Douglas narrowly defeated Lincoln

31. Abraham Lincoln “A house divided against itself cannot stand”
What does this mean?
What is Abraham Lincoln talking about?
The nation, he argued, could not remain forever divided into slave and free states
Lincoln was able to tolerate slavery in the south, but he firmly opposed its expansion in the territories

32. Discussion What issues divide the U.S today? Environment Immigration
War
Abortion
Stem Cell Research

33. John Brown’s Raid
Brown, armed with a band of some 20 men, including five African Americans were back on the attack
Harper’s Ferry
1859- seized the
federal arsenal in
Virginia
(now in WV)
Both Lincoln and Douglas believed the slavery crisis had to be resolved within the framework of the nation’s laws.
Abolitionist John Brown felt no such constraints.

34. Harper’s Ferry
Planned to give the arsenal’s guns to slaves living nearby
However, no slaves came to aid the group
Federal troops under the command of Colonel Robert E. Lee assaulted Brown’s positions
Brown and his men were killed
(Think of Boondock Saints or Dexter)
Hoped runaway slaves and free African Americans would join him in his efforts to liberate salves from their
owners

35. Discussion What do you think about John Brown’s actions?
If you were a southerner, how do you feel about what Brown did?
If you were a northerner, how do you feel about what Brown did?

36. Response to Raid North South Saw Brown as a Hero
Saw Brown as bloodthirsty fanatic
Made North look like they supported theft, murder, and treason

37. Won only Missouri and part of NJ
Election of 1860
Republican
Northern Democrat
Southern Democrat
Constitutional Union
Lincoln (winner!)
Douglas
Breckinridge
Bell
Attracted Northern industrialists, wage earners, and mid-western farmers
Won only Missouri and part of NJ
Southern radicals
Southern moderates
59% electoral vote
24% electoral vote
13% electoral vote
4% electoral vote
40% popular vote
30% popular vote
18% popular vote
12% popular vote

38. Look at the Map of the Election of 1860
Group Activity
Page 362
Look at the Map of the Election of 1860
Based on what you see on the map, how is it that Lincoln won the presidency?

43. http://elections. harpweek. com/1860/cartoon-1860-Medium. asp

44. Questions Read Pages 362-363 What event caused secession?
What state was the first to secede?
What did the seceding states call themselves?
How was their Constitution different than the U.S Constitution?
Lincoln’s election 3. Confederate States of America
South Carolina 4. Guaranteed right to own slaves; Each state was sovereign and independent

45. Secession! Lincoln had a moderate stance on slavery
Once elected, South Carolina unanimously voted to leave the Union
Confederate States of
America was created.
Jefferson Davis was the
president of the
Confederacy
After the war, Davis was tried for treason was pardoned by President Johnson.
Jefferson Davis was jailed for two years after the Civil War, released, and died in 1889 of an illness.

46. Views of Secession North South Supported Constitution
Defended secession on the grounds of states’ rights
Supported concept of majority rule
Determined to protect slavery

47. America Story of Us: Division- Causes of Civil War

48. Chapter 11 Quiz