2. Turning Points of the War How did the Battles of Vicksburg and Gettysburg change the course of the Civil War?

3. Vicksburg

6. Union Victory at Vicksburg In May and June of 1863, Maj. Gen. Ulysses S. Grant’s armies converged on Vicksburg Union victory split the Confederacy in half Grant becomes General-in-Chief of the Union armies Ended the South’s hopes for victory

8. Gettysburg – turning point Gettysburg is the largest battle in the history of the Western hemisphere. Over 100, 000 people died in 3 days. It was the last time the South invaded the North.

9. Battle of Gettysburg General Lee hoped to win a victory on Union soil with hopes of strengthening peace movement in North and getting direct foreign support

10. Battle of Gettysburg Day 1 Confederate cavalry had driven the Federals south Federals rallied into defensive positions Day 2 Major engagements occurred on Union right and left; Lee hoped to flank Feds Day 3 Lee ordered Gen. George Pickett’s division to attack the Union center

11. Battle of Gettysburg Lee retreated to Virginia Union losses 23,000 men killed or wounded Confederacy losses 28,000 men killed or wounded South never again fought on Union soil

14. Gettysburg Address that from these honored dead we take increased devotion to that cause for which they gave the last full measure of devotion -- that we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain -- that this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom -- and that government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth. » Abe Lincoln

16. Confederate Dead

17. Grant Takes Command Lincoln understood his chances of reelection in 1864 depended on Union successes in the battle field Lincoln appointed Ulysses S. Grant command of all the Union forces

18. Grant Takes Command Appointed William Tecumseh Sherman in charge of the west

19. Grant Takes Command Believed in total war Attacked military and civilian targets Grant’s tactic was to attack and attack again and confront the enemy

20. Battle of the Wilderness Starting in May 1864 Grant threw his troops into battle after battle 1st in wooded area called the Wilderness, near Fredericksburg, Virginia

21. Sherman’s March Sherman moved south toward transportation center at Atlanta Occupied Atlanta Confederate army tried to circle and cut Sherman off from railroad supply lines

22. Sherman’s March Ignored supply lines, marched southeast through Georgia to the sea Created a wide path of destruction Lived off the land as he went

23. Sherman’s March Wanted to make Southerners “so sick of war that generations would pass away before they would again appeal to it.”

24. Sherman’s March After reaching Savannah just before Christmas, Sherman turned North to help Grant, “wipe out Lee.” 25,000 freed slaves following behind eager for freedom

25. Sherman’s March Sherman wanted to grant each freedman’s family forty acres and a mule Both of which would be liberated from the former wealthy plantation owners

26. Sherman’s March Entering North Carolina, last state to secede, stopped burning private homes Started handing out food and other supplies to people

27. The Election of 1864 Politics as usual in the North 1864 Presidential election Lincoln opposition from Democrats and within party

28. The Election of 1864 In November, with the help of ballots cast by Union soldiers, Lincoln won an easy victory Won 212 out of 233 electoral voter Lincoln’s ability to unify the bitterly divided North helped the Union win

29. New Birth of Freedom Emancipation Proclamation only freed slaves in Rebel held land What to do with slaves in border states?

30. New Birth of Freedom Reintroduced in January 1865 after Lincoln’s reelection Amendment passed with 2 votes to spare Ratified the 13th Amendment, to end slavery

31. The End of the War April 9, 1865 Private home in Virginia village called Appomattox Courthouse

32. Appomattox Lee and Grant met to arrange surrender Grant paroled Lee’s soldiers and sent them home with personal possessions, horses, and 3 days worth of rations.

33. Assassination of Lincoln Lincoln shot and killed 5 days after Lee surrendered to Grant at Appomattox Shot at Ford’s Theatre in Washington, DC, while watching Our American Cousin with his wife

34. Lincoln is assassinated

35. Assassination of Lincoln Shot with a pistol in the back of the head by John Wilkes Booth

36. John Wilkes Booth 26 year old actor and Southern sympathizer leaped from balcony to the stage spur caught on flag draped across box, landed hard on left leg, broke it

37. Assassination of Lincoln Dr. Samuel Mudd, set Booth’s broken leg Mudd did not know Booth was an assassin Sent to Prison in Florida

38. Assassination of Lincoln Union Cavalry Caught Booth 12 days later Trapped him in a tobacco shed, lit it on fire Booth refused to surrender, Union shot him and dragged body from shed

39. Assassination of Lincoln Lincoln died 7:22 AM next morning, April 15, 1865 1st time US president assassinated Funeral train carried Lincoln’s body to his hometown of Springfield, Illinois

40. Punishment of the killers and conspirators