1. Unit 7: The Civil War April 1861 To April 1865 Unit 7: The Civil War April 1861 To April 1865

3. North vs. South in 1861 NorthSouth Advantages13 Disadvantages24 Use your notes from the last unit and the textbook pages; (GN 448-452), (CP 413-415)

4. Comparing the North & the South

5. Slave vs. Free States Population, 1861

6. Railroad Lines, 1860

7. Resources: North & the South

8. Men Serving in the Civil War

9. Soldiers’ Occupations:

10. Immigrant Population Percents in 1860

11. The Union & Confederacy: 1861

12. The Leaders of the Confederacy Pres. Jefferson Davis VP Alexander Stevens

13. The Confederate “White House” Richmond, VA

14. The Confederate Seal MOTTO  “With God As Our Vindicator”

15. President Abraham Lincoln Vice President Hannibal Hamlin (1861-65) Vice President Andrew Johnson (1865)

17. I. The Beginning- April 1861 A. Fort Sumter, SC – Union fort, commanded by Major Robert Anderson, U.S.A. Major Robert Anderson, U.S.A.

18. B. C.S.A. Gen. Beauregard demands that they leave. C. Lincoln sends supplies to the fort 1. Confederates attack D. Fort Sumter surrenders after 34 hours of shelling shelling 1. No casualties, but the war has begun E. The North will not let the Southern states secede secede 1. Four more southern states secede (VA, NC, AR, TN) NC, AR, TN)

19. II. The North’s Civil War Strategy:

21. The “Anaconda” Plan

22. 1. No supplies or goods get by B. Split the South into 2 parts 1. Divide the army and supplies up C. Capture Richmond, VA D. Bring the South Back into the Union ASAP A. Anaconda Plan: Blockade Southern ports and the Mississippi River the Mississippi River

23. E. Lincoln’s Generals Irwin McDowell Winfield Scott George McClellan, Again! McClellan George McClellan Ambrose Burnside Joseph Hooker George Meade Ulysses S. Grant

24. III. The South’s Civil War Strategy:

25. A. Defensive War Plan: Defend the South 1. Only fight when need to 2. Cause as much damage as possible 3. Make the North want to quit B. Capture Washington, D.C. C. Gain European support and recognition

26. D. The Confederate Generals Jeb Stuart James Longstreet George Pickett “Stonewall” Jackson Nathan Bedford Forrest Robert E. Lee

27. IV. Battle of Bull Run (1 st Manassas, VA) July, 1861

28. A. First Major Battle 1. 20 miles from Washington 2. Near Bull Run Creek B. Both sides think the war will only be this battle 1. Both sides fight well, but C.S.A. rallies & U.S.A. retreats retreats C. Results – both sides learn that the war will be long and bloody long and bloody

31. V. War in the West: 1862

32. A. Ulysses S. Grant makes a name for himself 1. Fort Henry, TN: February 1862 a. Navy attacked from the River while the army moved into position. army moved into position.

33. 2. Fort Donelson, TN: February 1862 a. Naval attack, but forced to retreat b. Confederate try to escape, driven back c. “Unconditional Surrender” Grant wins

34. 3. Shiloh, TN: April 1862 a. Gens. Johnston and Beauregard attack Grant to stop his advance Grant to stop his advance b. Johnston is killed c. Union reinforcements turn the battle

35. B. Results of the War in the West 1. Union took control much of the Mississippi River 2. Confederates fight hard, and slow the Union advance

36. VI. War in the East: 1862

37. A. The Battle of the Ironclads, March, 1862 The Monitor vs. the Merrimac

38. 1. Marked a change in naval warfare On board the Monitor

39. B. Peninsula Campaign – Virginia: March – July 1. Union Gen. McClellan is SLOW to act a. has 110,000 men b. waits in place for one month 2. Confederates - led by Robert E. Lee and Stonewall Jackson a. much smaller force b. make the Union retreat after a b. make the Union retreat after a series of battles series of battles

40. C. Second Manassas: August, 1862 1. Union heads north to D.C. by sea 2. Rebels follow by land 3. Confederates defeat Union General Pope Pope

41. . Antietam; Sharpsburg, MD: Sept. 17, 1862 D. Antietam; Sharpsburg, MD: Sept. 17, 1862 1. Lee decided to invade the North 2. McClellan back in charge: follows slowly slowly 3. Armies meet MD along the Antietam Creek Creek 4. Single bloodiest day of war – 23,000 casualties casualties 5. Confederates retreat 6. McClellan does not pursue and Lincoln fires him again Lincoln fires him again

42. Burnsides’ Bridge

43. The Dunker Church

44. “Bloody Lane”

45. E. Fredericksburg, VA: December, 1862 1. New Union commander – Ambrose E. Burnside 2. Confederates outnumbered, but dug defenses and won defenses and won

47. F. The Emancipation Proclamation: January 1, 1863 F. The Emancipation Proclamation: January 1, 1863

49. 1. Frees those slaves living in the southern states 2. Lincoln CANNOT enforce this law, but now the war is being fought to save the Union AND end war is being fought to save the Union AND end slavery slavery

50. VII. A Critical Year: 1863 A. Chancellorsville, VA: May, 1863 1. New Union commander – Joseph Hooker: very cautious commander very cautious commander 2. Considered Lee’s greatest victory a. innovative strategy: Split his army even though he was outnumbered even though he was outnumbered 3. Stonewall Jackson accidentally shot by his own men – dies by his own men – dies

51. B. Vicksburg, MS: 1863

52. 1. Confederate stronghold on the Mississippi River Mississippi River 2. Grant in command – city falls after a three-month siege three-month siege 3. Confederacy is split & Union controls entire MS River entire MS River

53. C. Gettysburg, PA : 1863

54. 1. New Union commander – George Meade 2. Three day battle, decisive Union victory a. Day 1 – maneuvering for position b. Day 2 – Little Round Top ( Joshua L. Chamberlain & 20th Maine) Chamberlain & 20th Maine) c. Day 3 – Pickett’s Charge 3. Casualties – about 45,000 a. Deadliest battle in the war

55. Gettysburg Casualties

56. “The Slaughter Pens”

57. Little Round Top Breast Works

58. “Devils Den”

59. Virginia “Jenny” Wade “Jenny Wade House” Killed while caring for her pregnant Sister-in-law and baking bread for Union soldiers

60. . Gettysburg & Vicksburg – turning points D. Gettysburg & Vicksburg – turning points of the Civil War of the Civil War 1. Lee lost 1/3 of his army & never again mounted a major offensive mounted a major offensive 2. Union victories convinced Britain and France NOT to recognize the France NOT to recognize the Confederacy Confederacy 3. Peace movement in the North lost its focus focus 4. Loss of the MS River helped tighten the North’s grip on the South North’s grip on the South

62. *2’s explain to your partner about the role that African Americans played in the Union Army and if you feel their contributions were important or not.

63. African-American Recruiting Poster

64. The Famous 54 th Massachusetts

65. August Saint-Gaudens Memorial to Col. Robert Gould Shaw

66. African-Americans in Civil War Battles

67. Black Troops Freeing Slaves

69. Buy Your Way Out of Military Service

70. The North Initiates the Draft, 1863

71. Recruiting Irish Immigrants in NYC

72. Recruiting Blacks in NYC

73. NYC Draft Riots, (July 13-16, 1863)

75. A “Pogrom” Against Blacks

76. Inflation in the South

77. VIII. Slowly toward the end A. Union steadily defeats Confederates in GA and TN GA and TN 1. Chattanooga, TN falls to Grant (November 1863) (November 1863) 2. Atlanta, GA captured & burned by Sherman (late 1864) Sherman (late 1864)

78. 3. Sherman’s “March to the Sea” through Georgia, 1864

79. Sherman’s troops destroying Railroad and Telegraph Lines

80. Part of Savannah GA

81. B. Grant takes over Army of the Potomac 1. war of attrition (total war) – wear down the enemy, but take heavy losses down the enemy, but take heavy losses 2. Wilderness, VA (May 1864) Union defeat – kept advancing defeat – kept advancing

82. 3. Cold Harbor, VA (June 1864) Union defeat – kept advancing defeat – kept advancing 4. Petersburg, VA – major railroad center a. longest siege in American history began - June 1864 began - June 1864 b. July 1864 – Battle of the Crater c. Confederates abandon Petersburg – April 1865 – April 1865

83. Union Pontoon Bridge

84. Ruins at Petersburg

85. Inside the Confederate Fortifications

86. Confederate Trenches

87. 1864 Election Pres. Lincoln (R) George McClellan (D)

88. The Peace Movement: Copperheads Clement Vallandigham

89. Presidential Election Results: 1864

90. C. The Final Campaign: 1864-1865

91. 1. Confederates tried to retreat & obtain supplies along the way supplies along the way 2. Union army follows 3. Richmond, VA falls & CSA army heads west west a. Davis wants a guerilla war b. Lee refuses

92. 4. Lee surrender to Grant at Appomattox: April 9,, 1865

93. The Progress of War: 1861-1865

94. Casualties on Both Sides D. Total Casualties: 680,000

95. Civil War Casualties in Comparison to Other Wars

97. 1. Ford’s Theater (April 14, 1865)

98. Presidential Box At Ford’s Theatre

99. The Assassin John Wilkes Booth

100. The Assassination

101. WANTED !!

102. Now He Belongs to the Ages!

103. The Execution

104. Comparisons between Lincoln and Kennedy Both last names contain 7 lettersBoth succeeded by Southerners named Johnson Lincoln ran for Congress in 1846 (lost) Kennedy ran for Congress in 1946 (won) Andrew Johnson (Lincoln) born in 1808, House of Representatives in 1847 Lincoln (1856) and Kennedy (1956) failed to win the VP nomination Lyndon Johnson (Kennedy) born in 1908, House of Representatives in 1947 Lincoln elected president in 1860 Kennedy elected president in 1960 Both assassinated by Southerners, with 3 names and 15 letters total Lincoln defeated Douglas, born in 1813 Kennedy defeated Nixon, born in 1913 John Wilkes Booth born in 1838, Lee Harvey Oswald born in 1939 Both concerned with civil rightsBooth ran from a theatre and hid in a tobacco barn Both first ladies last children while living in the White House Oswald ran from a warehouse and hid in a theatre Both were shot on a Friday, in the head, with their wives present, and fell onto them Both assassins were killed before they stood trial Booth (Boston Corbett) Oswald (Jack Ruby)

105. Both assassinations were thought to be part of a larger conspiracy. Lincoln was shot in Ford’s Theatre, Kennedy was shot in a Lincoln, which was a car made by Ford. Lincoln died at age 56, Kennedy died at age 46

107. Atrocities of the Civil War

108. The Massacre at Fort Pillow, TN (April 12, 1864)

109. Nathan Bedford Forrest (Captured Fort Pillow)  262 African-Americans  295 white Union soldiers.  Ordered black soldiers murdered after they surrendered! [many white soldiers killed as well]  Became the first Grand Wizard of the Ku Klux Klan after the war.  262 African-Americans  295 white Union soldiers.  Ordered black soldiers murdered after they surrendered! [many white soldiers killed as well]  Became the first Grand Wizard of the Ku Klux Klan after the war.

110. Confederate Prison Camp at Point Lookout, MD Planned to hold 10,000 men.  Planned to hold 10,000 men.  Had almost 50,000 at one time. Planned to hold 10,000 men.  Planned to hold 10,000 men.  Had almost 50,000 at one time.

111. Point Lookout Memorial of 4,000 Dead Rebel Prisoners

112. Union Prison Camp at Andersonville, GA

113. Tent City

114. Original Andersonville Plan  Planned to hold 10,000 men.  Had over 32,000 at one time.  Planned to hold 10,000 men.  Had over 32,000 at one time.

115. Distributing “Rations”

116. Union “Survivors”

117. Union Prisoner’s Record at Andersonville

118. Burying Dead Union POWs

119. Andersonville Cemetery

120. Field Ambulance and Crew

121. Field Hospital

123. Surgeon’s Kit Clara Barton “The Angel of the Battlefield” Founder of the American Redcross