1. Review of Roots 271-280 Test over All 280 Roots: Tomorrow (Friday, December 4 th )

2. 271. “vic”

3. 271. “vic” = substitute/change

4. 271. “vic” : substitute/change vicarious (adjective): felt or undergone as if one were taking part in the experience or feelings of another Etymology: Latin “vicārius” = substituted  from “vicis” = interchange Example A

5. 271. “vic”: substitute/change Usage: “I watched the roller coaster video and experienced vicarious thrills.”Usage: “I watched the roller coaster video and experienced vicarious thrills.” Example A

6. 271. “vic”: substitute/change vicissitude (noun): a change or variation; one of the sudden or unexpected changes or shifts often encountered in one's life, activities, or surroundings Etymology: Latin “vicissitude,” from “vicissim,” in turn, probably from “vices,” pl. of “vix” = change Example B

7. 271. “vic”: substitute/change Usage: “Old age is not a disease. It is strength and survivorship, triumph over all kinds of vicissitudes and disappointments, trials and illnesses.” (Maggie Kuhn) Example B

8. 272. “vice”

9. 272. “vice” : substitute/change

10. vice president (noun): an officer ranking next below a president, usually empowered to assume the president's duties under conditions such as absence, illness, or death. etymology: Latin “vice” = substituted/changed Example A

11. 272. “vice”: substitute Usage: "In case of the removal of the President from office, or of his death, resignation, or inability to discharge the powers and duties of the said office, the same shall devolve upon the Vice President.” (Article II, Section I of the Constitution of the United States) Example A

12. 272. “vice”: substitute vice versa (adverb): with the order or meaning reversed etymology: from Latin: “vice” (substitute) + “vers” (past participle of vert = turn) Example B

13. 272. “vice”: substitute Usage: “Discipline is wisdom, and vice versa.” (M. Scott Peck) Example B

14. 272. “vice”: substitute SPECIAL NOTE: In this case, using “vice versa” literally would create a chiasmus: “Discipline is wisdom, and wisdom is discipline.” Example B

15. 273. “vid”

16. 273. “vid”: see

17. “Veni. Vidi. Vici.” Remember the following roots: “ven” = “come” “vid” = “see” “vic” = substitute/change The translation, therefore, of this phrase is “I came. I saw. I conquered.” Example A

18. 273. “vid”: see avid (adjective): having an ardent desire or unbounded craving; greedy etymology: Latin “a” = toward + “vid” = see Example B

19. 273. “vid”: see Usage: “Ashley Judd is an avid University of Kentucky basketball fan.” Example B

20. 274. “vis”

21. 274. “vis” = see

22. vis-à-vis (adverb): face-to-face Etymology: Literally, the Latin phrase translates as “seeing-to-seeing.” Example A

23. 274. “vis” = see Usage: “These passengers rode vis-à-vis.” Example A

24. 274. “vis” = see visage (noun): the face or facial expression of a person; countenance etymology: from Latin “visus” (a look, vision) Example B

25. 274. “vis” = see Usage: Marilyn Monroe’s famous visage has sparked a renaissance of the Hollywood glamour look of the 1950s. Example B

26. 275. “viv”

27. 275. “viv” = live

28. vivacious (adjective): full of animation and spirit etymology: from Latin vivere = “to live” Example A

29. 275. “viv” = live Usage: Coach Ball is known for his vivacious personality. Example A

30. 275. “viv” = live convivial (adjective): merry, festive Etymology: Latin, literally “con” = “with” + “viv” = “life” Example B

31. 275. “viv” = live Usage: “There was a convivial atmosphere at the Harlan City Schools’ block party in August.” Example B

32. 276. “voc”

33. 276. “voc” = call, voice

34. vocabulary (noun): list of words with explanations Etymology: Latin vocabulum = "word, name, noun," from vocare "to name, call” Example A

35. 276. “voc” = call, voice Usage: “A vocabulary of truth and simplicity will be of service throughout our life.” (Sir Winston Churchill) Example A

36. 276. “voc” = call, voice advocate (noun): one that argues or speaks for a cause; a supporter etymology: Latin “ad” = “toward” + “voc” = “call” Example B

37. 276. “voc” = call, voice Usage: Harlan High School is an advocate of educational excellence. Example B

38. 277. “voke”

39. 277. “voke” = call, voice

40. evoke (verb): to summon or call forth Etymology: “e” = “ex” = “out” + “voke” = “call, voice” Example A

41. 277. “voke” = call, voice Usage: “Good writing [e.g., A Tale of Two Cities] is supposed to evoke sensation in the reader - not the fact that it is raining, but the feeling of being rained upon.” (E.L. Doctorow) Example A

42. 277. “voke” = call, voice provoke (verb): to bring about deliberately; deduce etymology: Latin “pro” = “toward” + “voke” = “call” Example B

43. 277. “voke” = call, voice Usage: “A destruction, an annihilation that only man can provoke, only man can prevent.” (Elie Wiesel, author of Night) Example B

44. 278. “vol”

45. 278. “vol” = wish, will

46. voluntary (adjective): done or undertaken of one's own free will etymology: Latin “vol” = “to wish; see” Example A

47. 278. “vol” = wish, will Usage: "Ignorance, when it is voluntary, is criminal; and he may be properly charged with evil who refused to learn how he might prevent it.” (Samuel Johnson) Example A

48. 278. “vol” = wish, will benevolence (noun): good will etymology: Latin “bene” = “good” + “vol” = will benevolence (noun): good will etymology: Latin “bene” = “good” + “vol” = will Example B

49. 278. “vol” = wish, will Usage: “Mother Teresa’s benevolence was one of the reasons she was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1979.” Example B

50. 278. “vol” = wish, will Voldemort (noun): a fictional character and the primary antagonist in the Harry Potter novel series written by British author J. K. Rowling etymology: “vol” = “wish” + “mort” = “death” Voldemort (noun): a fictional character and the primary antagonist in the Harry Potter novel series written by British author J. K. Rowling etymology: “vol” = “wish” + “mort” = “death” Example C

51. 278. “vol” = wish, will Example C Usage: “Throughout the J.K. Rowling series, Voldemort has one desire: the death of Harry Potter.”

52. 279. “volv”

53. 279. “volv” = roll

54. revolve (verb): to orbit a central point etymology: Latin “re” = “back” + “volvere” = “to roll” Example A

55. 279. “volv” = roll Usage: Example A

56. 279. “volv” = roll Example B volume (noun): a collection of written or printed sheets bound together; a book etymology: Latin “volumen” = “roll of writing” from “volvere” = “to roll”

57. 279. “volv” = roll Example B Usage: “Although volume upon volume is written to prove slavery a very good thing, we never hear of the man who wishes to take the good of it by being a slave himself.” (Abraham Lincoln)

58. 280. “zo”

59. 280. “zo” = animal

60. Example A zoanthropy (noun): a form of mania in which a man imagines himself to be another type of beast etymology: Latin “zo” = “animal” + “anthrop” = “man”

61. 280. “zo” = animal Example A Usage: “The man, who had been diagnosed with zoanthropy, literally believed he was a bull.”

62. 280. “zo” = animal Example B zodiac (noun): In astrology, this band divided into 12 equal parts called signs, each 30° wide, bearing the name of a constellation for which it was originally named but with which it no longer coincides owing to the precession of the equinoxes. etymology: from Gk. zodiakos (kyklos) "zodiac (circle)," lit. "circle of little animals”

63. 280. “zo” = animal Example B