1. SWBAT:  Read UpFront article about the Emancipation Proclamation and identify 5 things you LEARNED from the reading. Do Now:  Describe the impact of the Civil War on various groups of people including women, soldiers, African Americans and children.

2. The War Behind the Lines Ch 11 S 3

3. Emancipation Proclamation: -allowed African Americans to serve in military

4. Emancipation Proclamation – January 1, 1863  Lincoln didn’t believe he had power to abolish slavery  Ordered army to emancipate slaves in south  Didn’t immediately free slaves  Military action aimed at rebellion  Did not apply to union slave states or confederate areas already under union control

5. Impact of Proclamation:  With a partner, draw a 3 column chart identifying the moral, political and military impact of the Emancipation Proclamation.

6. Emancipation Proclamation  http://www.history.com/topics/us- presidents/abraham-lincoln/videos/gilder- lehrman-the-emancipation-proclamation http://www.history.com/topics/us- presidents/abraham-lincoln/videos/gilder- lehrman-the-emancipation-proclamation

7. Impact of Proclamation:  Not much practical effect, but high symbolic & moral purpose  Politically  Free blacks – welcomed enlistment  Northern Democrats – thought it would anger south & prolong war  Soldiers – grudgingly accepted  Confederates – outraged, it was now a fight to the death!

8. African Americans  Performed “support” jobs on both sides  After EP, many escaped slaves and freedmen joined military  Segregated units, did not fight in combat until July 1863  Lower pay, worst jobs  About 10% of union forces by end of war (fought in 200 battles, 38,000 died)  South allowed black soldiers weeks before war ended

9. Life in the Military  Disease the biggest killer of soldiers (2x as many as battle)  Medical conditions unsanitary, infections common  U.S. Sanitary Commission created  Camp life was boring, lack of proper food and clothing

11. Prison Camps  At first, neither side kept prisoners, they promised to return home instead of army or were exchanged  When AA’s began joining army, this changed  Confeds. captured blacks to enslave or execute, both sides began holding prisoners  Not treated well on either side – overcrowded, lack of food, unsanitary

12. Prison Camps  Fort Pillow – massacre of African American prisoners as they begged for their lives  Andersonville – South’s worst prison camp, overcrowded, unsanitary  Elmira – northern prison camp, became just like Andersonville  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zg0lpj Qi9cI https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zg0lpj Qi9cI

13. Life on the Home Front  South – shortages due to blockade, few factories, low food production, inflation, scarcity.  Women looted shops, men left army to help families  Extended enlistments; began draft (conscription), slaveholders exempt  In south, took men age 17-50

14. Conscription (drafting)  South – could hire subs, exempted planters who owned 20+ slaves (90% of those eligible served)  North – started March 1863; could hire subs or pay $300 to avoid draft  Only 46,000 draftees (92% volunteered)  Draft Riots in NY – July 13-16, 1863  Irish immigrants protested, mobs attacked people & burned buildings (100 died)

15. Political Problems  Lincoln suspended writ of habeus corpus (being told of charges & evidence against you)  Southern sympathizers arrested and held w/out trial  Seized telegraph operations  Ignored SC ruling that he went beyond his Constitutional powers  Copperheads – Northern Dems who advocated peace  Davis denounced his actions, later followed his lead

16. Women  Took over farms, worked in jobs left by men  Helped war effort in many support roles, some fought in disguise  Formed societies to support army  Worked in government jobs as clerks  Clara Barton – nurse who later founded American Red Cross