1. Chapter 10: Anarchy in the Union

2. North vs. South Immigrants were widely against slavery Wilmot Proviso- proposition to forbid slavery or involuntary servitude in any territories ◦ North wanted better economic possibilities for free workers ◦ South wanted their “property” protected as the constitution suggested. ◦ Both north and south feared the other gaining a majority

3. California Statehood Grew so fast it gained statehood without becoming a territory The south believed that since the majority of California was below the 36 30 line outlined in the Missouri Compromise that it would become a slave state California constitution called for slavery to be outlawed. President Zachary Taylor Supports California’s decision

4. Missouri Compromise

5. Compromise of 1850 South threatens North with the idea of secession from the union Henry Clay comes up with the compromise which allows for: ◦ California be entered into the union as free state ◦ New Mexico and Utah Territories be decided by popular Sovereignty ◦ Texas be paid 10 million to release its claim to New Mexico territory ◦ North helps capture runaway slaves

7. Fugitive Slave Act of 1850 Slaves not entitled to trial by jury (ignored 6 th amendment) Could not testify on own behalf Statement by slave owner all that it required for slaves to be returned. Federal judges would receive $10 for returning a slave and only $5 for freeing a slave. Anyone caught helping would be punished with a fine of up to $1000 and six months in prison

9. Northern Resistance 9 states passed personal liberty laws which granted slaves trials. Individuals helped guide slaves to Canada Southerners felt cheated and wanted to leave the union

11. Underground Railroad Secret network of passages, rooms, and escort services Came with great risk to supporters

13. Harriet Tubman Born into slavery in 1820 Could lift more than most men 1849- ran away to Philadelphia after owner died Helped over 300 slaves gain freedom conducting over 19 trips back into the south.

14. Underground Railroad continued They would travel often at night, barefoot, using the north star for direction Traveling at night to avoid patrols and armed men on horseback Would often go days without food.

15. Get Out Your Phones http://www.polleverywhere.com/free_text_ polls/61GmZo3EpaaAdi8

16. Abolition Movement Grows Uncle Tom’s Cabin written by Harriet Beecher Stowe sold more than a million copies by 1853 and portrayed the horrible lives and atrocities that slaves faced daily.

17. Kansas-Nebraska Act, 1854 Stephen Douglas proposed that each territory or future state be decided by popular sovereignty Northerners disliked the idea, southerners embraced it With support from President Franklin Pierce elected in 1852 his bill was passed and now the people had the right to choose whether a state would be free or slave.

18. Bleeding Kansas Settlers poured in for the available land Antislavery migrants received free farming equipment, guns, feed, seed, and money for settling the area in an attempt to ward off slave migrants In a rigged election in 1855 the slavery proponents won as slavers from the state of Missouri entered Kansas to vote illegally

19. The Sack of Lawrence Antislavery town called Lawrence was declared by a grand jury to be traitorous and ordered its inhabitants to be arrested. The town was burned and looted by 800 men

20. The Pottawatomie Massacre John Brown an abolitionist who believed he was called upon by god to fight slavery led a group in revenge of the actions in Lawrence killed five proslavery men by pulling them from their beds and cutting off their hands and then stabbed them with swords.

21. Violence in the Senate Proslavery congressman Preston S. Brooks beat antislavery senator Charles Summer for his condescending speeches towards the evils of slavery. It became obvious that the differences could not be overcome and that tensions were only getting worse

22. Political Parties Emerge The Whig Party- dissolves into other parties Know-nothing Party-anti-immigration, anti-Catholic Free-Soil Party- anti extension of slavery, pro-labor Republican Party- opposed expansion of slavery into territories Democratic Party-states rights, limited national government, divided on slavery

23. Dred Scott Decision Dred Scott, Slave from Missouri His owner takes him to the free territories of Illinois and Wisconsin In the courts he claims he became free since he lived in the free states Chief Justice of the Supreme Court, Roger B. Taney decided that slaves did not have the right to claim freedom, furthermore, that slavery could not be forbid in any territory

25. Lincoln-Douglas Debates Stephen Douglas- outstanding record, wealthy, experienced Abraham Lincoln- self educated, successful lawyer, one term in congress 7 open air debates ◦ Douglas- movement, hand motions, confident ◦ Lincoln- direct and plain language, serious Douglas- pro popular sovereignty Lincoln- slavery is immoral

27. Harpers Ferry John Brown (Pottawatomie Massacre) in 1859 leads 21 men into Harpers Ferry, Virginia. Attempted to seize the federal arsenal and create a slave uprising Robert E. Lee marches in and defeats Browns men and captures Brown John Brown was hung on dec,2,1859 for high treason

29. Presidential Election of 1860 Republicans saw a chance to elect an all around favorite in Abraham Lincoln Beat Stephen Douglas, John C Breckinridge, and john Bell for presidency in 1860 He received all the electoral votes in the free states but was not even put on the ballot in some southern states. He did not gain support from a single southern state

31. States Secede South Carolina on Dec 20, 1860 seceded from the union Jan 9, 1861 Mississippi secedes Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, and Texas seceded shortly thereafter South felt they lost their voice and had there state rights infringed upon

32. The Confederacy Formed on Feb 4, 1861in Montgomery, Alabama Their constitution allowed for slavery and made for sovereign and independent states Jefferson Davis, senator from Mississippi is elected President of the Confederacy The federal government was dealing with mass resignations at the same time