1. Introduction to Sociology
SOC101Y
Introduction to Sociology
Professor Adam Green
Lecture #18
Globalization
13 March 13

2. Non-conventional Political Action, Canada, 1981-2006 (percent “done” and “might”)
Statistically significant increase

3. Relative Deprivation Theory
Rewards
Rewards expected
Intolerable gap
Rewards received
People feel relatively deprived when they experience an intolerable gap between the social rewards they think they deserve and the social rewards they expect to receive. Social rewards are widely valued goods, including money, education, security, prestige, etc. Accordingly, people are most likely to rebel against authority when rising expectations (brought on by, say, rapid economic growth and migration) are met by a sudden decline in social rewards (due to, say, economic recession or war).
Time

4. Resource Mobilization Theory
Resource mobilization theory is based on the idea that social movements can emerge only when disadvantaged people can marshal the means necessary to challenge authority. Foremost among the resources they need to challenge authority is the capacity to forge strong social ties among themselves. Other important resources that allow disadvantaged people to challenge authority include jobs, money, arms, and access to means of spreading their ideas.

5. Weighted Frequency of Strikes, Canada, 1946-2008
Strikes/100,000 non-agricultural workers
1946
1974
2008
Year

6. Percent of Non-Agricultural Workers Unionized, Canada and USA,
Percent unionized
Canada
USA
Year

7. Indicators of Globalization, 1981/2 - 2007/9
% Δ
International tourist arrivals (millions of people)
277
924
233
Foreign direct investment (billions of dollars) 59
1,538
2,507
Internet hosts (millions)
213
681 m.
319 m.
Number of international organizations (thousands)
14.3
63.9
347

8. Transnational Corporations
Transnational corporations – also called multinational or international corporations – are the most important agents of globalization in the world today. They are giant companies that depend increasingly on foreign labour, sell on world markets, operate with considerable autonomy from national governments, and depend for growth of on new management skills, design innovations, and massive advertising campaigns.

9. The Size and Influence of the United States Economy
This map will help you gauge the enormous importance of the United States in globalization because it emphasizes just how big the U.S. economy is. The economy of each U.S. state is as big as that of a whole country. Specifically, this map shows how the GDP of various countries compares to that of each state. For example, the GDP of California is equal to that of France, the GDP of New Jersey is equal to that of Russia, and the GDP of Texas is equal to that of Canada.

10. McDonaldization, Glocalization, and Regionalization
McDonaldization is the process by which the principles of the fast-food restaurant – efficiency, calculability, and predictability – are coming to dominate the world. McDonaldization extends Weber’s concept of rationalization, the application of the most efficient means to achieve given ends.
Glocalization refers to the simultaneous homogenization of some aspects of life and the strengthening of some local differences under the impact of globalization.
Regionalization refers to the division of the world into different and often competing economic, political, and cultural areas

11. The Regionalization of World Trade
This graphic illustrates
the network of world
trade in The
thickness of lines shows
the volume of trade
between countries.
Colors distinguish
regional trading blocs.
Note that most world
trade took place within
regional trading
blocs, with the United
States, Germany, and
Japan at the center
of each of the three
main blocs. (Note: The
graphic does not include
China, which has become the centre
of a fourth trading bloc since the early 90s.)

12. Neoliberal Globalization
Neoliberal globalization is a policy that promotes private control of industry, minimal government interference in the running of the economy, the removal of taxes, tariffs, and restrictive regulations that discourage the international buying and selling of goods and services, and the encouragement of foreign investment.

13. Aid to Developing Countries as a Percentage of Gross Domestic Product, OECD Countries, 2009
Aid as
percentage
of GDP
Level recommended by United Nations
5 countries
above line
20 countries
below line

14. Towards Democratic Globalization
Increase foreign aid to level recommended by UN
Cancel poor countries’ debt.
Eliminate tariff barriers in rich countries.
Support democracy in the developing world.