1. SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS
Abstaining from sex is the only way to be 100
percent confident of avoiding STI infection.
ABSTINANCE!
SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS
(S T I’s)

2. Fact and Answers about STI’s
The estimated total number of people living in the US with an incurable STD is over 65 million. Every year, there are approximately 15 million new cases of STDs, a few of which are curable.
Two-thirds of all STDs occur in people 25 years of age or younger.
One in four new STD infections occur in teenagers.
Cervical cancer in women is linked to high-risk types of HPV
Of the STDs that are diagnosed, only four--gonorrhea, syphilis, chlamydia and hepatitis B--are required to be reported to state health departments and the CDC for statistical purposes. Hepatitis B is recent addition to that list.
Hepatitis B is 100 times more infectious than HIV
STDs, other than HIV, cost more than $8 billion each year to diagnose and treat, both the disease and their complications.
It is estimated that as many as one in four Americans have genital herpes, yet at least 80 percent of those with herpes are unaware they have it

3. Fact and Answers about STI’s
At least one in four Americans will contract an STD at some point in their lives.
Overall, herpes is the most common STD in the United States, with more than 45 million individuals having this lifelong (but harmless) virus. In a given year, however, it is estimated that more people will become infected with HPV than with herpes. More than 1 million people acquire herpes each year and over 5 million people acquire HPV each year. Some researchers believe that HPV infections may self-resolve and may not be lifelong like herpes.
Less than half of adults ages 18 to 44 have ever been tested for an STD other than HIV / AIDS.
At least 15 percent of all infertile American women are infertile because of tubal damage caused by pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), the result of an untreated STD.
Approximately two-thirds of Hepatitis B (HBV) infections are transmitted sexually, HBV is linked to chronic liver disease, including cirrhosis and liver cancer.

4. History of STI’s
Pre 1960's:Syphilis and Gonorrhea were the only major STDs
1976:Chlamydia first recognized
1980-present:8 NEW diseases identified
1981:AIDS identified
1982:Herpes became very prevalent
1992:PID or Pelvic Inflammatory Disease recognized
1996:HPV or Human Papilloma Virus recognized as the cause of 90% of all cervical cancer, and is the reason for yearly PAP smears.

5. The 8 Most Common Sexually Transmitted Diseases
Gonorrhea
Genital Herpes
HIV/AIDS
The 8 Most Common Sexually Transmitted Diseases
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease
Human Papilloma Virus
Syphilis
Chlamydia
Hepatitis B

6. Common Signs/Symptoms of STDs
Itching around the vagina and/or discharge from the vagina for women
Discharge from the penis for men
Pain during sex, when urinating and/or in the pelvic area
Sore throats in people who have oral sex
Pain in the anus for people who have anal sex
Chancre sores (painless red sores) on the genital area, anus, tongue and/or throat
A scaly rash on the palms of your hands and the soles of your feet
Dark urine, loose, light-colored stools, and yellow eyes and skin
Small blisters that turn into scabs on the genital area
Swollen glands, fever and body aches
Unusual infections, unexplained fatigue, night sweats and weight loss
Soft, flesh-colored warts around the genital area

7. National Center for Health Statistics

8. Chlamydia SYMPTOMS DAMAGE NUMBERS
For women: Usually none. May experience vaginal discharge, burning with urination, lower abdominal pain, low back pain, nausea, fever, pain during intercourse & bleeding between menstrual periods.
For men: Usually none. May experience discharge from the penis, burning with urination, burning or itching around the opening to the penis or pain & swelling of the testicles. burning or itching around the opening to the penis or pain & swelling of the testicles.
DAMAGE
In women: Considered to be the most common cause of sterility. Advanced stages may require removal of uterus, ovaries, and fallopian tubes. May cause chronic pelvic pain and/or fatal ectopic pregnancies.
* If left untreated in women, Chlamydia can lead to pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) - see below.
In men: Urethral infection and/or sterility
NUMBERS
3 million new cases reported annually.
3/4 of women and 1/2 of men infected may be have no symptoms and therefore not seek help until it has caused major damage.
By age 30, 50% of sexually active women have evidence that they have had Chlamydia at some time during their lives.
1 in 10 adolescent girls tested is infected.

9. Gonorrhea SYMPTOMS DAMAGE NUMBERS
For women: Yellow or bloody vaginal discharge. Burning with urination.
For men: Yellowish white discharged from penis. Burning with urination. Swollen or painful testicles
DAMAGE
In women: Sterility. May require surgery in severe cases. Can lead to pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) - see below.
In men: Sterility. Scarring of urethra and urinary tract problems.
NUMBERS
650,000 people are infected annually.
75% of all reported gonorrhea is found in persons aged years.
Highest rates of infection are found in yr. old women and yr. old men.

10. Syphilis SYMPTOMS DAMAGE NUMBERS
For women: First stage includes swollen, non-painful sores (called chancres) where the infection entered the body. The ulcers may go unnoticed if they are inside her body. Second stage includes rash, fever, swollen lymph glands, sore throat, patchy hair loss, headaches, weight loss, muscle aches, and tiredness. Third stage includes loss of coordination, paralysis, numbness, gradual blindness, dementia, and possible death.
For men: First, second and third stages are the same as women.
DAMAGE
In women: Mental handicaps, heart disease, blindness, dementia and death. Can cause birth defects or death in infant if mother is infected.
In men: Same as women.
NUMBERS
35,600 new cases were reported in 1999, including 6,650 cases of primary & secondary syphilis.
In 1999, syphilis occurred primarily in persons aged
Reported rates of syphilis were 1.5 times greater in men than women in 1999.
The racial or ethnic distribution of syphilis in 1999 was: African Americans 78%, Whites 16%, Hispanics 8%, and others 1%.

11. HIV / AIDS SYMPTOMS DAMAGE NUMBERS
For women: Fever, sore throat, fatigue, swollen lymph glands.
For men: Same as women.
DAMAGE
In women: Immune system breaks down. Death. May infect unborn children.
In men: Same as women.
NUMBERS
Approximately 800, ,000 people are infected with HIV (including people who have AIDS and those who do not yet know that they are infected).

12. Genital Herpes SYMPTOMS DAMAGE NUMBERS
For women: Painful ulcers appear at site of infection. Periodic eruptions of these ulcers anywhere on the body. Pain during sex. Fever and swollen glands. Initial outbreak considered to be extremely painful.
For men: Same as women.
DAMAGE
In women: Continuous outbreaks. Lifelong treatment required. Causes potentially fatal infections in infants if mother is shedding virus at the time of delivery.
In men: Same as women.
NUMBERS
45 million currently infected.
20% of the sexually active population has this disease.
Genital Herpes is more common in women (approximately one out of four women) than in men (almost one out of five).

13. Human Papilloma Virus (HPV)
SYMPTOMS
For women: Genital warts that sometimes form cauliflower shape. Many do not experience noticeable symptoms. May have vulvar itching and pain. Usually detected through abnormal Pap smears.
For men: Genital warts similar to those in women.
DAMAGE
In women: Requires painful and expensive treatment to remove pre-cancerous warts.
In men: Cancer of penis and anus.
NUMBERS
Approximately 20 million people are currently infected.
50-75% of sexually active men and women acquire genital HPV at some point in their lives.
About 5.5 million Americans get a new genital HPV infection each year. 90% of cervical cancer cases began with HPV.

14. Hepatitis B SYMPTOMS DAMAGE NUMBERS
For women: Often none. May Experience jaundice (skin turns yellow), fatigue, dark urine, gray-colored stools, abdominal pain, loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, And/or joint pain.
For men: Same as women.
DAMAGE
In women: Severe liver damage. May lead to cancer of liver and cirrhosis.
In men: Same as women.
NUMBERS
80,000 new infections were reported in 1999
The highest rate of disease occurs in year olds.
Approximately 1.25 million chronically infected Americans.

15. Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)
SYMPTOMS
For women: Lower abdominal pain that is often mistaken for menstrual cramps. Fever, unusual vaginal discharge, painful intercourse, painful urination & irregular menstrual bleeding.
For men: None. This disease only affects women but may be caused by infections carried by men
DAMAGE
For women: Ectopic (tubal) pregnancy. Infertility. Cancer. Can be life-threatening.
For men: None.
NUMBERS
1 million new cases reported annually.
More than 100,000 women become infertile each year as a result of PID. About 1/5 of women with PID become infertile.
10-80% of women with either Chlamydia or gonorrhea develop PID as a result.
PID goes unrecognized by both women and their health care providers 2/3 of the time.

17. Common Sexually Transmitted Infections
Bacterial Vaginosis
Chancroid
Chlamydia
Condylomata Acuminata
Cytomegalovirus (CMV
Genital Warts
Gonorrhea
Granuloma Inguinale
Hepatitis B Virus (HBV)
Herpes (Progenitalis
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)
Human Papilloma Virus
Lymphogranuloma Venereum (LGV)
Molluscum
Nonspecific Urethritis (NSU)
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)
Pubic Lice
Reiter’s Syndrome
Scabies
Syphilis
Trichomoniasis
Urinary Tract Infectin
Vaginitis