2. Fundamentals of Rain Water Harvesting Vishal Bhanushali Eureka Forbes Institute of Environment May 06, 2009

3. The Movement

4. Vision Living an unpolluted life is our children’s birthright. Launched in 2000

6. Air Pollution

7. Ground Water Pollution

9. EURO ENVIRO QUIZ

11. Marching to 1 Billion Litres! (achieved 600 Million Litres in annual RWH in Mumbai) Our Partners in the movement: –BMC –Rotary clubs –ALM’s –Giants International –Industry bodies: BCCI; FICCI; –Environment groups –NGO’s –Corporates –The Press

12. Rain Water Harvesting

13. What is the need for harvesting rain water ?

14. Water in Urban Space … Municipal water deficit City Mumbai Delhi Kolkata Chennai Banglore Hyderabad Need 4000 3830 2258 3000 840 956 Shortfall 1030 880 690 1050 135 186 Shortfall % 25 30 35 16 19

15. Water in Urban Space … Municipal water deficit City Indore Bhopal Lucknow Jaipur Jabalpur Vaizag Need 318 335 560 349 239 305 Shortfall 134 70 120 313 94.5 146 Shortfall % 42 21 89 40 48

16. RURAL INDIA IS SCREAMING FOR WATER! ‘Water now precedes roti, kapda, aur makan’  2 /3rds of the country has been declared drought prone  90,000 villages declared ‘no source villages’- no source within 7 km radius Rajendra Singh, Tarun Bharat Sangh

17. Can Bore Wells Help ? June 2004 – Musampally village Nalgonda District Andhra Pradesh Population 3000 Land 2000 acres Bore wells 6000 No typing mistake – There are 2 bore wells per person In this village. More than 85 % never struck water. Others dried up soon after drilling

18. The Bore wells have worsened the matters Instead of reducing scarcity, they are increasing it. We have seen bore wells - 1500 ft deep and drying Big dams and diversion canals are making down stream older river courses dry The Bore Wells and The Big Dams are the real culprits

19. Ural Sea in Russia Dried by Agriculture And Industry

20. ?

21. There is certainly need for doing everything possible for conserving water

22. Where can we learn about water harvesting ? What are the basic rules? The Fundamentals ?

23. Any Degrees, Diplomas ? Foreign Universities ?

24. ?

25. It is available every where In the most pure form It is free Yet There is scarcity Water Learning Points There was no water supply department in India till the British Government made one … Till the British Government had to make one

26. Ancient India was Prosperous because of Ponds and Lakes Made and Managed by People Thus achieving water security, irrigation, flood control and food security Wise Water Management of our ancestors

27. Modified from Stephen Lemcke, 2002

28. Modified from Stephen Lemcke, 2002

29. Modified from Stephen Lemcke, 2002 Varuna Ganga Assi

30. Source - Stephen Lemcke, e-mail: slemcke@sai.uni-heidelberg.deslemcke@sai.uni-heidelberg.de

31. Marine forts have sweet water Water Learning Points Corresponding mainland water is brackish

32. Water Learning Points Hill Forts Have Water Lower lands may not have water

33. Are these Miracles ? No ! There are rational explanations Which can be put to good use

34. Water Learning Points Through a well the harvested water is used Fort walls, Temple and surroundings collect rain water that is stored in a huge pond. Marine forts have sweet water

35. Jalashayanam Vishnu Temple … Mahabalipuram

36. Note the Rock paved surface And drain channels as well as The large rain water retaining Cistern probably used as rain gauge

37. Rameshwaram Temple Note the gaps in Foundation and the Sweet water reflecting the shrine

38. Rain Water impounded close to sea … Rameshwaram

39. Jatayu Teertha (Jataa teertham) sweet water pond amidst sand dunes … Rameshwaram

40. A Sweet Water Well in the temple … Rameshwaram

41. Water Learning Points Hill Forts Have Water Lower lands may not have water

42. Water Learning Points Fortress walls help to hold micro-water table created by a pond Wells give the bounty in usable form Hill Forts Have Water

43. Nature offers us our most important needs - free of charge Rain Water is one such thing It is Water – in its purest form Rain Water is one such thing It is Water – in its purest form We only need to harvest it

44. WHAT is Rainwater Harvesting? Activity of capturing the rain and storing it for direct use or recharging into the groundwater. Simply.. catching rain where it falls and using it.

45. What is the need for harvesting rain water ?

46. A natural resource presently wasted A natural resource presently wasted Prevents ground water depletion Prevents ground water depletion A good supplement to piped water A good supplement to piped water Positive cost benefit ratio Positive cost benefit ratio Relatively pollution free Relatively pollution free Water conservation & self-dependence Water conservation & self-dependence

47. Any person planning to build a house Any person planning to build a house An independent plot owner. An independent plot owner. Persons in apartments Persons in apartments Industries, Institutions and factories Industries, Institutions and factories People who are purchasing water for domestic use People who are purchasing water for domestic use Who can harvest rooftop rainwater? In short, everywhere ……the potential for rainwater harvesting is huge

48. How Much One Can harvest Rainwater ? Vol RWH =A x R x C A=Area R= Rainfall in meters C=Runoff coefficient An example  A =100 m 2  R = 2000 millimeters  C = 0.85 RWH = 1,70,000 litres

49. Catchments details: Area, type and nature Sr.NoCatchmentArea (sq m) Collection co- efficient (%) 1.Roof – flat/slope80-90 2.Paved area Driveway/courtyard, roads 60-70 3Unpaved area Lawns, garden, playground 20-30

50. WHAT is Rooftop Rainwater Harvesting? Collection Collection Filtration Filtration Storage Storage Usage Usage Recharge Recharge

51. Daily Harvesting Possible in rain forests or areas with prolonged rainy season Collect daily – Use Use when available Types of Rain Water Harvesting – 1

52. During Rainy season, Drinking water needs of 35-house village are met by a simple saree based rainwater harvesting system. (Pic: Shree Padre) Simplest Rain Water harvesting – Use when available

53. Harvesting for future use Necessary where availability is not through out the year Collect during rains – Store – Use Storage can be in 2.1 - Tanks 2.2 - Soil strata Types of Rain Water Harvesting – 2

55. Harvesting for future use - Storage in Tanks Used in havelis of Rajasthan/Kutcch for centuries Replicated in Moral Re-armament Centre and Ion Exchange Guest house in Panchgani Roof acts as catchment area. Under ground Storage tanks act as collection devices. Usage by fetching from the tank as per need Types of Rain Water Harvesting – 2.1

56. Clean Roof Haveli Storage tank in the Raised Plinth Harvesting for Future Use – Storage in Tanks Used in Rajasthan and Kutch

57. Harvesting for future use - Storage in Soil Roof as well as open areas act as catchment surfaces. Inter particular spaces in soil / rocks are used for storing water. Water is channeled to structures made for enhanced percolation of the harvested rain water into soil layers Usage – through Dug wells or bore wells Types of Rain Water Harvesting – 2.2

58. Simple Ground Water Recharge Pit Terrace Building Use through well/ Bore well Permeable strata Subsoil water Ground water Harvesting for Future Use – Storage in Soil Strata-I Recharge Pit Method

59. Recharge Pit With a deeper shaft Terrace Building Use through well/ Bore well Impermeable strata Subsoil water Ground water Harvesting for Future Use – Storage in Soil Strata-I Recharge Pit Type 2

60. Terrace Building Recharge through well Use through well/bore well Harvesting for Future Use – Storage in Soil Strata - II Recharge through Dug well Subsoil water Ground water

61. Terrace Building Recharge through bore well Use through bore well Ground water Harvesting for Future Use – Storage in Soil Strata - III Recharge through Bore well

62. Improved Ground water Harvesting for Future Use – Storage in Soil Strata - IV Recharge through trenches

63. Terrace Building Recharge through soil Use through well/bore well Ground water Harvesting for Future Use – Storage in Soil Strata - V Improving permeability of pavement

64. Site Specific Slopes Geo-morphology Space availability Usage pattern End use specific Selection of Rain Water Harvesting Structures

65. If you want to harvest rain water in industrial setting Take care not to mix it in any way with toxic chemicals, industrial effluents, sewage etc Allow first flush rain water to go out of the collection system What is the precaution needed

68. One Success Story : Aachal Avichal Chanchal Situated at Yari Road, Andheri West Area prone to flooding YET THEY DID NOT FLOOD ON 26 th July 2005 Featured on Doordarshan / BBC

75. Sunshine CHS, Andheri (E) Storm water drainage Rainwater harvesting

76. Borewell recharge through storm water drainage

77. List of Societies/Institutes

80. Wishing all of you Abundance of Pure Air Clean water Healthy Food

81. Yours Ecofriendly, For Eureka Forbes Institute of Environment Vishal Bhanushali – 9869145017 Vishal.b@eurekaforbes.com

82. Wishing All of you abundance of Clean Air Pure Water Healthy Food And Healthy Body & Rich Soul