1. Constraints & Challenges to Tracking SD Where are we? Way Forward for SDRA-V Assessment Framework Themes & Sub-Themes Concept of SD SD Indicators CSD Indicators Tailoring CSDI to Africa Sustainable Development Report on Africa: Concepts, Indicator Sets & Assessment Framework WASHINGTON OCHOLA

2. The Concept Sustainable development is development that meets the needs of the present, without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs

3. Spectrum and Elements of Sustainability

5. Pillars of Sustainable Development

6. The Governance Dimension

7. SD Concept from a Construction Perspective

9. Ecological Footprint

10. Sustainable Production and Consumption

11. Building Sustainable Societies

12. SDI Conceptual Frameworks CFs for indicators help to focus and clarify: – what to measure; – what to expect from measurement; and – what kinds of indicators to use. Diversity of core values, indicator processes and SD theories have resulted different frameworks that differ in conceptualization of – key dimensions of SD; – inter-linkages among these dimensions – Grouping of the issues to be measured – selection and aggregation of indicators.

13. DPSIR Framework

14. PREM Framework The pressure-response-effect-mitigation conceptual framework for indicator definition and sustainable development assessment

15. Typology of SDI frameworks Issue or theme-based frameworks: – most widely used – indicators are grouped into various different issues relating to SD. Capital frameworks: – calculate national wealth as a function of the sum of and interaction among different kinds of capital (financial, natural, human, social and institutional ). Accounting frameworks: – draw all indicators from a single database allowing for sectoral aggregation and using consistent classifications and definitions.

16. Core themes, sub-themes, lead indicators and other indicators

17. Some Questions for Monitoring SDI in Africa Is wealth created, sustained, and fairly shared? Are ecosystem services and functions conserved? Is the biodiversity conserved? Is resource quantity/productivity maintained? Is pollution prevented? Is culture preserved? Is the country delivering on its international commitments? Global partnership for development

18. Commission for Sustainable Development - CSD Reflective of global goals, regional priorities and downloadable to local, national contexts

19. Example of Poverty Theme

20. Adapting CSD Indicators to National Tracking Processes

21. Indicator Selection primarily national in scope; relevant to assessing sustainable development progress; limited in number, but remaining open-ended and adaptable to future needs; broad in coverage of Agenda 21 and all aspects of sustainable development; understandable, clear and unambiguous; conceptually sound; representative of an international consensus to the extent possible; within the capabilities of national governments to develop; and dependent on cost effective data of known quality.

22. Addressing Interlinkages between the themes and sub-themes SDI attempt to measure SD in its entirety, taking into account the multi-dimensional and integrated nature of SD. Ceasing to categorize indicators into the pillars of SD - strengthens the emphasis on the multi- dimensionality SD Frameworks and thematic approach Single indicators and themes/sub-themes are already integrative but may require additional information or analysis to make their integrative nature more explicit. Example from SDRA IV

23. SDRA-V Indicators Indicator Sets

24. Some Headline Indicators Governance Peace & Security Political Governance Business Governance African Governance Index Number of active conflicts Control of Corruption Political Stability and Absence of Violence/Terrorism Number of active conflicts Control of Corruption Political Stability and Absence of Violence/Terrorism Countries participating in the APRM Regulatory Quality Government Effectiveness Rule of Law Countries participating in the APRM Regulatory Quality Government Effectiveness Rule of Law Business regulatory environment rating Governance for SD Environmental Governance Countries with national multi-stakeholder bodies & processes for SD Level of implementation of the Rio MEAs

25. THEME  HEADLINE INDICATOR Governance  African Governance Index Economic Transformation and Macro economy  Adjusted net savings Sustainable consumption and production  Resource Productivity (Ratio between GDP and DMC) Energy  Renewable versus non-renewable total primary energy supply mix (consumed not produced) Poverty  Proportion of population living below $1 a day Demographic changes  Dependency Ratio Gender  The Africa Gender and Development Index Education  Public and Private expenditure on education per capita Health  Life expectancy at birth, by gender Agriculture and food security  Food Production Index Land Based Natural Resources  Forest cover areas Marine and freshwater resources  Proportion of total water resources used with respect to renewable water available, and by sector (industry, domestic, agriculture) Climate change  GHG emission per capita, including and excluding LULUCF Natural disasters  Human and economic losses due to disasters Means of Implementation  Percentage of country budget coming from domestic resources

26. Where are we? … (1): SNAPSHOTS FROM SDRA-IV Share of population living on less than $1.25 a day, % (2009); Absolute numbers of people living on less than $1.25 a day (2009)

27. Where are we? … (2) Proportion of population with access to an improved sanitation facility in 2008

28. Where are we? … (3) Access to improved water for urban and rural areas

29. Where are we? … (4) Share of people without electricity access for developing countries, 2008

30. Where are we? … (5) Region International Tourists Arrivals (millions) Market share (%)Change (%) Average annual growth (%) 1990199520002005200820092010 09/ 08 10/ 0900-10 Africa 14.818.926.535.444.44649.45.23.77.36.4 North Africa 8.47.310.213.917.117.618.72.02.56.2 Sub-saharan Africa 6.411.616.221.527.228.430.73.34.48.06.6 World 435528675798917882940100-3.86.63.4

31. Where are we? … (6) Gender parity index in primary education enrolment, 1990 - 2008

32. Where are we? … (7) Maternal Mortality Ratio: 1990, 2000, and 2008

33. Where are we? … (8) Levels and trends in under-5 mortality rate

34. Where are we? … (9) Number of people with HIV&AIDS in 2011

35. Where are we? … (10) Sub-regional forest cover and change in 1990, 2000 and 2010

36. Where are we? … (11) Area of forest designated primarily for conservation of biodiversity in Africa, 1990–2010

37. Where are we? … (12) Trend in CO 2 emissions, 1990-2007

38. Where are we? … (12) Value of foreign investment flows by sub-region between 1990 and 2010

39. Some Challenges, Constraints and Lessons  Constant need to review SD indicators based on lessons from country/REC application & adaptation  Continued need for raising awareness on SD as it relates to environmental, economic, social and governance dimension  Difficulty in integrating SDIs in national and sub- regional policy processes:  Too large set of indicators  Limited downscaling/adaptation approaches/tools  Limited institutional capacities for coordination  Compartmentalization (silo) syndrome continues to pervade development planning and tracking  Data consistency, availability and reliability

40. What Next Refinement, adaptation and validation of the the Assessment Framework and SDI sets Filling up the data gaps and statistical analysis, trend analysis based on comparable indicators for pilot countries/themes Data Capture and reporting tools – including on-line platforms and SD monitoring systems Expert Input and validation – innovation for better SD communication including databases Adopting thematic and pilot/case study approach e.g. SDRA V - “Achieving sustainable development in Africa through inclusive green growth” Increasing awareness and appreciation among policy makers of the need for a balanced integration of the three pillars of SD

41. THANK YOU