1. The Power of Caring: The Power to Make a Difference
Dr. Jean Watson
The Power of Caring: The Power to Make a Difference
NURS1960-A
Anna Ionadi
Amanda Wallace
Shannon MacFarlane
Sheldon Hubert
Tawnya Werb

2. Dr. Jean Watson at a glance …
“Maybe this one moment, with this one person, is the very reason we’re here on Earth at this time.”
- Jean Watson, The Caring Moment
Dr. Jean Watson at a glance …

3. Education * Dr. Watson was born and raised in a small town in the
Dr. Jean Watson
at a glance…
Education
* Dr. Watson was born and raised in a small town in the
Appalachian Mountains of West Virginia in the 1940’s
R.N. Diploma in Nursing
Lewis-Gale School of Nursing
B.S. in Nursing
University of Colorado
M.S. in Psychiatric Mental-Health Nursing;
Minor Psychology
Graduate Work: Social and Clinical Psychology
University of Colorado,
Ph.D. in Educational Psychology and Counseling

4. Accomplishments Recipient of several awards and honours including:
Dr. Jean Watson
at a glance…
Accomplishments
Recipient of several awards and honours including:
International Kellogg Fellowship in Australia
Fulbright Research Award in Sweden
Six Honorary Doctoral Degrees
Including 3 International Honorary Doctorates (Sweden, UK, Canada)
1993 National League for Nursing Martha E. Rogers Award
Recognizes a nurse scholar who has made significant contributions to nursing knowledge that advances the science of caring in nursing and health sciences
Distinguished Nurse Scholar, recognized by New York University
Norman Cousins Award in 1999,
Recognition for her commitment to developing; maintaining and exemplifying relationship-centered care practices
Founder of the Centre for Human Caring in Colorado
Is a Fellow at the American Academy of Nursing

5. Published Works Some of the well-known published works by Dr. Watson:
Dr. Jean Watson
at a glance…
Published Works
Some of the well-known published works by Dr. Watson:
1979, 1985, Nursing and the Philosophy and Science of Caring
1985, 1988, Nursing: Human Science and
Human Caring
Postmodern Nursing and Beyond
Assessing and Measuring Caring in Nursing and Health Sciences
For a full list of books, articles and all other publications, please visit:

6. Dr. Jean Watson
at a glance…
Influences
Eastern Philosophy: focuses on a holistic approach, looking at the body as a whole unit, not a sum of parts
“is based on a metaphysical, spiritual-existential
and phenomenological orientation.”
- Fawcett, 1993
This links to earlier nursing theorists, including:
Nightingale, Travelbee, Leininger, Paterson & Zderad
Psychology theorists who influenced her theory of caring:
Hans Selye, Richard Lazarus and Carl Rogers

7. Dr. Jean Watson’s theory of caring …
“The goal of nursing is to help a person gain a higher degree of harmony with the mind, body and soul.”
- Jean Watson, Nursing as Human Science and Human Care
Dr. Jean Watson’s theory of caring …

8. Watson’s Concern Three major elements of her theory:
Dr. Jean Watson’s theory
Watson’s Concern
Defining nursing as a distinct health profession
Make explicit nursing values, knowledge and practice
Make known:
Inner healing process
Experiencing the person
Three major elements of her theory:
Ten Carative Factors
The Caring Occasion / The Caring Moment
Transpersonal Caring

9. Assumptions Humans cannot be treated as objects
Dr. Jean Watson’s theory
Assumptions
Humans cannot be treated as objects
Humans cannot be separated from self,
other, nature, or the larger universe
There is a sacredness of life and all living things
Nurses must treat themselves with gentleness and dignity before they are capable of providing the same to others

10. Assumptions about Caring
Dr. Jean Watson’s theory
Assumptions about Caring
Caring can be effectively demonstrated and practiced interpersonally
Caring consists of carative factors that can fulfill human needs
Effective caring promotes health and individual and family growth
Caring responses accept a person as is and looks beyond to what that person may become
A caring environment offers the development of potential while allowing a person to choose the best action at a given time
Caring is as equally important as curing
The practice of caring is central to nursing

11. The Caring Occasion & The Caring Moment
Before moving on to today’s dissertation, where our three candidates will discuss their position of Jean Watson’s nursing theory, inclusive of:
The Four Metaparadigms Concepts: Person, Health, Environment and Nursing
The Caring Occasion & The Caring Moment
Transpersonal Caring
We will take a brief look at Watson’s third theory, the carative factors, in attempt to provide a basis for later discussion.

12. Dr. Jean Watson’s theory
Carative Factors
Caritas comes from the Latin word meaning to cherish, to appreciate, to give special attention.
Invites nurse to explore the intersection between personal and professional
The Ten Carative Factors:
Humanistic-altruistic system of values
Faith-hope
Sensitivity to self and to others
Helping-trusting, human care relationships
Expressing positive and negative feelings
Creative problem solving caring processes
Transpersonal teaching-learning
Supportive, protective and or corrective mental, physical, societal and spiritual environment
Human needs assistance
Existential-phenomenological-spiritual forces
In order to understand how Watson’s theory can be transferred into the nursing practice, it is important to note Jean Watson’s: 10 carative factors that can be used as a guide in order to help nursing interventions. These carative factors provide a framework that directs the nurse’s attention to caring processes that help form a structure for studying and understanding nursing as the science of caring.

13. Dr. Jean Watson’s theory
Carative Factors
Research Article: Caring for Older Adults: Practice Guided by Watson’s Caring-Healing Model
The nurse develops a sense of hope (factor 2) and trust (factor 4) through genuine caring, listening and responding to the unique seriousness of Mrs. Smith’s experience (factor 1)
Acknowledgement of Mrs. Smith’s expression of disharmony (factor 5) between her usual perceived self and this encounter
The nurse, along with family, other health professionals and community services can help Mrs. Smith meet her basic needs (factor 9) of pain management, arrangements for check ups, support with ADL’s and reconnecting with old friends.
(Bernick, 2004)

14. Dr. Jean Watson’s theory
Carative Factors
Within the caring-healing model, the approach included one that attended to the interconnectiveness between Mrs. Smith’s mind-body-soul as influenced by her personal experience
Mrs. Smith’s pain was better controlled, she was able to control her fears of her life management, and was able to reintegrate her life with others and feel supported
(Bernick, 2004)

15. Carative Factors Benefits:
Dr. Jean Watson’s theory
Carative Factors
Benefits:
Transferable to current practice environments, meaning of health through the patient’s perspective, considers the complexity of each individual experience
Limitations:
Time
As shown, Watson’s theory is easily transferable to current practice environments. Mrs. Smith’s situation is one that can definitely occur in a community nurses’ environment. Meaning of health through the patients perspective is a benefit b/c for example, in LTC a patient is not going to be cured, since Watson believes caring is independent of curing, it is easy to assist the patient on their own unique level. Even though the nurse may not be able to cure the patient, the nurse may be able to provide proper pain control, provide a positive relationship etc. therefore, if the goal of the patient is to pass without any pain, and the nurse is able to provide proper pain control, the nurse is properly doing their job with the patients best interest at heart.
Can potentially apply to any situation in nursing.
In order to apply Watson’s theory, time must be spent with the patient in order to understand “their” story. Time is needed to listen, and understand each unique situation and find out what’s important to each individual patient. Time restrictions are obvious in hospital scenerios, acute care centres etc.

16. Purposeful To be intentional To pause and slow down Mindful Grounded on firm surface while Feeling the breeze and warm sun Presence In a world of one Shared with another Organized Creativity, context and knowledge Primacy being care Central to all Reverence and respect Connecting Listening Being understood Caring Supporting Healing
(Bernick, 2004)

17. On Jean Watson’s Theory of Caring and the Metaparadigm Concepts
Sheldon Hubert
On Jean Watson’s Theory of Caring and the Metaparadigm Concepts

18. Anna Ionadi
On Jean Watson’s Theory of Caring and the Caring Occasion & Caring Moment

19. On Jean Watson’s Theory of Caring and Transpersonal Caring
Amanda Wallace
On Jean Watson’s Theory of Caring and Transpersonal Caring

20. References
Bernick, L. (2004). Caring for older adults: practice guided by Watson’s caring-healing model. Nursing Science Quarterly, 17(2),