1. Ch 16.3: Circulatory Routes

2. Systemic Circulation
All vessels going to and from body tissues and organs
All systemic arteries branch off from aorta
All systemic veins return through venae cavae and coronary sinus

3. Pulmonary Circulation
All vessels going to and from the lungs
Two pulmonary arteries bring deoxygenated blood to lungs
Four pulmonary veins bring oxygenated blood from the lungs

4. Hepatic Portal Circulation
Hepatic vein
Inferior vena cava
SPLENIC VEIN
HEPATIC PORTAL VEIN
Portal Vein: carries blood from one capillary network to another
Hepatic Portal Vein
Formed by union of splenic and superior mesenteric veins
Receives blood from digestive organ capillaries and delivers it to liver capillaries
SUPERIOR MESENTERIC VEIN

5. Hepatic Portal Circulation
Inferior vena cava
Hepatic veins
Abdominal aorta
Hepatic artery
HEPATIC PORTAL VEIN
SPLENIC
VEIN
SUPERIOR
MESENTERIC
Stomach, pancreas, and portions of lg. intestine
Sm. intestine and portions of lg. intestine, stomach, and pancreas
Blood from gastrointestinal organs and spleen delivered to liver
Liver processes substances from blood & pass into general circulation
Liver receives oxygenated blood from hepatic artery
All blood leaves liver through hepatic veins

6. Fetal Circulation Exists only in the fetus
Contains special structures that allow material exchange with mother
Lungs, kidneys, and GI organs not functional until birth
Material exchange occurs through the placenta and umbilical cord
Two umbilical arteries and one umbilical vein
UMBILICAL CORD
Placenta

7. Blood Flow Through Fetus
Placenta -> Umbilical Vein -> Ductus Venosus -> Inferior Vena Cava -> Right Atrium
Right Atrium -> Foramen Ovale -> Left Atrium and Ventricles -> Ductus Arteriosus -> Umbilical Arteries -> Placenta

8. DUCTUS ARTERIOSUS becomes Ligamentum arteriosum
FORAMEN OVALE becomes Fossa ovalis
DUCTUS VENOSUS becomes Ligamentum venosum
UMBILICAL VEIN becomes Ligamentum teres
UMBILICAL ARTERIES become Medial umbilical ligaments
UMBILICAL CORD
Oxygenated blood
Mixed oxygenated and deoxygenated blood
Deoxygenated blood
Inferior vena cava
Placenta

9. Hypertension Defined as persistently high blood pressure
Stage 1: /90-99 mmHg
Stage 2: > 160/>100 mmHg
Most common disorder affecting heart and blood vessels
Managing hypertension
Weight loss - Manage stress
Don’t smoke - Maintain recommended potassium & calcium levels
Exercise - Limit alcohol consumption
Reduce sodium intake