1. Tsunamis Learning Objectives:
1) To understand what a tsunami is and why it is a secondary effect of an earthquake
2) To know the causes, effects and responses of a specific tsunami

2. Tsunamis in the news! Give me 10 words….
Give me 10 words….
Tsunamis in the news!

3. Tsunami- a special type of wave where the entire depth of the sea or ocean is set in motion by an event, often an earthquake, which displaces the water above it and creates a huge wave.
The crust shifting is the primary effect, a knock-on (secondary) effect of this is the displacement of water above the moving crust.
Formation of tsunamis and Boxing day tsunami- Bitesize information
How earthquakes can trigger tsunamis

4. Tsunami characteristics
A normal, wind-driven wave may have a length of 100m from crest to crest, but a tsunami may be 200km in length. The heights also greatly differ: 2m for a normal wave versus 1m for a tsunami out at sea. Tsunamis move at different speeds of around 800kph, rapidly approaching the coast almost unnoticed. As they near land they slow, reduce in length and gain in height.

5. An earthquake caused The Indian Ocean tsunami on 26th December 2004.
It was the result of the Indo- Australian plate subducting beneath the Eurasian plate. There was an earthquake measuring 9.1 on the Richter scale. The Indo-Australian plate cracked and moved very quickly, causing a lot of water to be displaced, triggering a tsunami with waves up to 30m high.

6. How do tsunamis form?

7. The Boxing day earthquake/ tsunami
Tsunami destruction

10. Short-term responses Long-term responses
3) Relief teams were swamped by the scale of the disaster and many injured were not treated for days. Bodies littered the streets before being buried in mass graves.
4) Tents and temporary shelters were erected to provide shelter for the homeless.
5) Medical aid stations were set up to treat the injured and prevent disease from the contaminated water. Fresh water and water purification tablets were introduced.
6) Heavy equipment was brought to the area to clear roads destroyed by the force of the water.
5) £372 million by the British public is being used to build new and stronger housing for the people affected.
6) Rebuilding the fishing industry and coastal resorts for the tourist industry.

11. Causes and effects of the Asian Tsunami
The Asian tsunami- disease
Predicting a future tsunami event