1. PowerPoint Presentations for The Canadian Writer’s Workplace Seventh Edition Adapted by Gary Lipschutz, Centennial College Copyright © 2013 by Nelson Education Ltd.

2. Unit II: The Writing Process Chapter 14: The Four Stages of Writing for a Paragraph or an Essay Copyright © 2013 by Nelson Education Ltd.

3. Stage One: Prewriting Copyright © 2013 by Nelson Education Ltd.

4. Brainstorming Follow the four W’s to successful brainstorming: Welcome: all suggestions accepted Wired: fast and energetic Wild: crazy and free Wonderful: no comments or judgments Copyright © 2013 by Nelson Education Ltd.

5. Other Techniques Freewriting Keeping a journal Letting Your Emotions Guide You Buying a non-school themed journal Choosing the Topic and Controlling Idea Copyright © 2013 by Nelson Education Ltd.

6. Clustering Clustering is a kind of brainstorming that makes use of a diagram. Copyright © 2013 by Nelson Education Ltd.

7. Clustering Copyright © 2013 by Nelson Education Ltd.

8. Audience and Tone The intended audience determines the level of formality of the writing. A writer tries to persuade the reader of a particular point of view. The purpose of the essay should be clear. Copyright © 2013 by Nelson Education Ltd.

9. Stage Two: Outlining (or Organizing) The pattern of the outline for a paragraph is very similar to that for an essay Copyright © 2013 by Nelson Education Ltd.

10. Outlining Paragraph OutlineEssay Outline 1. Topic sentence1. Thesis statement 2. First major supporting sentence 2. Topic sentence of second paragraph 3. Second major supporting sentence 3. Topic sentence of third paragraph 4. Third major supporting sentence 4. Topic sentence of fourth paragraph Copyright © 2013 by Nelson Education Ltd.

11. Stage Three: The Rough Draft A rough draft is a first attempt at a piece of writing. Copyright © 2013 by Nelson Education Ltd.

12. Stage Four: Postwriting Revising, editing, and proofreading. Copyright © 2013 by Nelson Education Ltd.

13. Writing a College Essay 1. Do some brainstorming, clustering, research, and note-taking. 2. Come up with a worthy topic and thesis. 3. Outline your selection of details. 4. Write and revise the rough draft. Copyright © 2013 by Nelson Education Ltd.

14. Writing a College Essay 5. Edit the second draft (add more specific details; make title or introduction more creative; etc.) 6. Proofread for mechanical and grammatical errors. 7. Type the final copy. 8. Check again for errors. Copyright © 2013 by Nelson Education Ltd.