1. What characteristics do living creatures have in common?
Properties of Life
What characteristics do living creatures have in common?

2. Living creatures are ORGANIZED
All made of the same collection of chemicals, but we are organized as…
molecules
proteins, fats, carbohydrates, nucleic acids
carbohydrates
proteins
DNA

3. Living creatures are ORGANIZED
All made of the same collection of chemicals, but we are organized as…
organelles & cells
plant cells & animal cells
plant cell
animal cell

4. Living creatures are ORGANIZED
All made of the same collection of chemicals, but we are organized as…
organs & organ systems
respiratory, circulatory, digestive, etc.

5. Living creatures RESPOND
Respond to internal changes
Homeostasis
maintaining balanced conditions inside the body
Respond to external changes

6. Living creatures use ENERGY
Metabolism
all the reactions your body performs to make & use energy
eating & digestion & elimination of waste
synthesis = building
cellular respiration = making energy
mitochondria

7. Living creatures GROW & DEVELOP
Change over an individual’s life time
get bigger
mature
so they can reproduce

8. Living creatures REPRODUCE
Make the next generation

9. …It’s how we think about the world around us…
Scientific Method…
…It’s how we think about the world around us…

10. Scientific Method is…
An organized approach to asking questions and making discoveries.
The way that scientists (and many non-scientists) think about problems that they encounter.

11. Scientific Method:  Observation  Problem  Hypothesis  Experiment
 Data
 Conclusion
 Theory

12. Information gathered using the five senses or tools
Observations:
Information gathered using the five senses or tools

13. A question one might ask based on the observations that are made.
Problem:
A question one might ask based on the observations that are made.

14. Hypothesis
A possible explanation of the problem that we wish to test. (it doesn’t have to be correct!!)
Many hypotheses can be made – they predict the outcome of an experiment.

15. An organized test of a hypothesis.
Experiment
An organized test of a hypothesis.
This video shows an impact experiment of a high-speed impact into a frozen comet-like material (dust, ice, window cleaner and Worchestershire sauce) over a highly porous target (garden perlite). The impact makes a small hole in the comet, simulating a strength-controlled crater, but a large crater grows below and peals back the surface crust like petals of a flower. The result is similar to a deeply buried explosion. Credit: NASA

16. The results of experiments.
Data
The results of experiments.
Data can be expressed as numbers or descriptions.
Example: the elephant is 3 meters tall.

17. Conclusion What has been learned from the experiment.
Conclusions are supported by data.

18. Example: The theory of gravity
A broad explanation of natural events that is strongly supported by a body of evidence - time tested by many people.
Example: The theory of gravity

19. Some other scientific method terms…
Inference – a possible explanation based on an observation.
Opinion – What someone thinks about something. We try to keep this out of science!

20. Some other scientific method terms…
Control – What we compare our data against. (usually helps to show what we already know)

21. Some other scientific method terms…
Variable – that which is manipulated in an experiment to get a result.

22. Some other scientific method terms…
Independent Variable – When this changes, it results in change in the other variable.
Dependent Variable - That which changes as a result of a change in the ind. Variable.

23. Validity: A good experiment should…. Be easily repeatable.
Have a large sample size Control for as many variables as possible.

24. Showing patterns & trends
Graphing Your Data
Showing patterns & trends
A picture is worth a thousand words!

25. Types of data (information)
Variables
what you measure in an experiment
dependent variable
measured variable
unpredictable change: we don’t know how it will change until we do the experiment
Y-axis
independent variable
manipulated variable
predictable change: it only changes because we chose how it would change
X-axis
The effect of _____________ on _____________
INDEPENDENT
DEPENDENT

26. Examples of experiments 1
How does fertilizer affect the growth rate of plants?
we set up an experiment testing different amounts of fertilizer on different plants & measuring the growth (height) of the plants:
dependent variable (Y-axis)?
height of plants
independent variable (X-axis)?
amount of fertilizer
The effect of _____________ on _____________
Amount of Fertilizer
Height of Plants

27. Examples of experiments 2
How does exercise affect heart rate of 10th grade student?
we set up an experiment testing different lengths of time of exercise (minutes) on the heart rate of students:
dependent variable (Y-axis)?
heart rate
independent variable (X-axis)?
minutes of exercise
The effect of _____________ on _____________
Exercise
Heart Rate

28. Examples of experiments 3
What’s the favorite drink of students?
we set up an experiment surveying students and asking which is their favorite drink :
dependent variable (Y-axis)?
number of students
independent variable (X-axis)?
type of drink
The effect of _____________ on _____________
Type of Drink
How many students chose it

29. Making pictures out of data
How’s a critter to choose?
Graphs
line graphs
graphing data that shows continuous change
bar graphs (or histograms)
graphing data that is in disconnected groups

30. elevation (feet above sea level)
How does elevation affect temperature?
Line graph!
elevation (feet above sea level)
temp.
(°C) 30
500 25
1000 20
1500 15
2000 10
2500 5 30
1200 ft? 25 20 18
temperature 15 10 5
500
1000
1200
1500
2000
2500
elevation 30

31. Which drink do you like best?
number
Coke 1
Pepsi
Water 4
Iced tea
Gatorade 3 6
Bar graph! 5 4
number of students 3 2 1
Coke
Pepsi
water
tea
Gatorade
type of drink 31

32. Lab Report Template
name and date
Title: Descriptive title explaining the
purpose of the experiment.
Purpose: The question being
answered in the experiment.

33. Lab Report Template
Hypothesis: What you believe will
happen, in the form of an “If, then”
statement.

34. Lab Report Template
Materials: List all materials used in the lab
Procedure: List step by step how to complete the lab
Data: Independent and Dependent variable listed

35. Lab Report Template
Analysis: At least a paragraph that explains what your data shows
Conclusion: Ties lab together. Is hypothesis supported or refuted? Include any suggestions for improving the experiment. What could have been a source of error and give a suggestion for further research.